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Waves – An Introduction Waves – An Introduction

Waves – An Introduction - PowerPoint Presentation

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Uploaded On 2020-08-03

Waves – An Introduction - PPT Presentation

Waves Water and Seismic Waves Transverse Waves Longitudinal Waves Frequency Period and Amplitude Crests Troughs and Wavelength Universal Wave Equation Waves Waves are disturbances which transfer energy over a distance ID: 795836

wave waves water frequency waves wave frequency water period wavelength energy time answer understanding check distance cycles amplitude transverse

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Slide1

Waves – An Introduction

Waves

Water and Seismic Waves

Transverse Waves

Longitudinal Waves

Frequency, Period and Amplitude

Crests, Troughs and Wavelength

Universal Wave Equation

Slide2

Waves

Waves are disturbances which transfer energy over a distanceThey all originate from vibrationsi.e. dropping a pebble into water

Examples: Water wavesWaves in a stringEarthquake waves

Slide3

Waves

The vibrating source supplies energy which is transported along the medium as a waveThis vibration can be caused by many things from moving a string, rubbing objects together or having an object impact the ground or water

i.e. seismic waves are waves of energy created by earthquakes which travel through the earth and are caused by tectonic plates moving against each other

Slide4

Waves

Waves pass their energy from one particle to another until it runs out of energy

Example: Water waves created from tectonic activity, volcanic eruptions, winds, impacts, etc. carry a lot of energy which can be used to inflict serious damage

Slide5

VIDEO - TSUNAMI

Slide6

Waves

We will be discussing two main types of waves

Transverse WavesLongitudinal Waves

Slide7

Transverse Waves

The particles vibrate perpendicular to the direction of motion

Slide8

Longitudinal WavesThe source vibrates parallel to the direction of motion

Slide9

Transverse vs. Longitudinal Waves

Slide10

Terminology

Regarding any kind of vibrating object:One complete oscillation is called a cycle

The number of cycles per second is the frequency (f)The unit for frequency is the hertz (Hz)The time required for one full cycle is the period (T)

The unit is usually the second but can be days, months, years, etc.

One complete cycle

Slide11

Frequency and Period

They are reciprocals of each other therefore,

frequency

= number of cycles / total time

Period = total time / number of cycles

Slide12

Amplitude

The distance from rest position to maximum displacement is the amplitude

Slide13

Check Your Understanding

A mass hung from a spring vibrates 15 times in 12 s. Calculate

the frequency.

the period of the vibration.

Answer: a) f = 1.2 Hz b) T = 0.80 s

Slide14

Check Your Understanding

A child is swinging on a swing with a constant amplitude of 1.2 m. What total distance does the child move through horizontally in 3 cycles?

Answer: 14.4 m

Slide15

A Few More Terms

CrestsHigh section of the wave

Troughs

Low section of the wave

Wavelength (in m)Distance from crest to crest or from trough to trough

Slide16

Universal Wave Equation

Recall:Regarding waves, the distance traveled is the wavelength (

λ

in m’s) and the time is the period (T) which is the time to compete a wavelength in s therefore,

The wave equation works for all waves, visible and invisible.

Slide17

Check Your Understanding

The wavelength of a water wave in a ripple tank is 0.080 m. If the frequency of the wave is 2.5 Hz, what is its speed?

Answer: 0.20 m/s

Slide18

Check Your Understanding

The distance between successive crests in a series of water waves is 4.0 m, and the crests travel 9.0 m in 4.5 s. What is the frequency of the waves?

Answer: 0.50 Hz

Slide19

Check Your Understanding

The period of a sound wave from a piano is 1.18 × 10–3

s. If the speed of the wave in the air is 3.4 × 102 m/s, what is its wavelength?

Answer: 0.40 m