Do Now Turn in Chapter 3 Homework Turn in Ocean Acidification Lab Look at the Terms to Know from your Chapter 4 Study Guide and cross off any words that you already know Objective I can explain how nonnative species can change the ecosystem that they invade using the example of cane toad ID: 570870
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Slide1
Biodiversity and EvolutionSlide2
Do Now
Turn in Chapter 3 Homework
Turn in Ocean Acidification Lab
Look at the ‘Terms to Know’ from your Chapter 4 Study Guide and cross off any words that you already knowSlide3
Objective
I can explain how nonnative species can change the ecosystem that they invade using the example of cane toads in Australia.Slide4
Agenda
Do Now, Objective (7 min)
Biodiversity & Evolution Notes (15 min)
Cane Toads: An Unnatural History
(50 min)
Invasive Species Free Response Question (20 min)Slide5
Weekly Homework – Due Monday
Chapter 4 Reading and Study Guide
Cane Toads Guided Viewing & FRQ
Old Homework (check website)Slide6
Chapter
4
Biodiversity and EvolutionSlide7
Understanding
Biodiversity
Biodiversity
:
variety of
earth’s
species, or varying life forms, the genes they contain, the ecosystems they live in and the ecosystem processes of energy flow and nutrient cycling that sustain life
.
Types of Biodiversity
Ecosystem
Diversity
Species Diversity
Genetic
Diversity
Functional DiversitySlide8
Earth is home to a tremendous diversity of species
Ecosystem diversity
- the variety of ecosystems within a given region.
Species diversity
- the variety of species in a given ecosystem.
Genetic
diversity
-
the variety of genes within a given species
.
Functional Diversity –
the various biological and chemical processes occurring in an ecosystem (energy flow through trophic levels)Slide9
II. Causing for Declining Biodiversity
Underlying Causes
: population growth, poverty, undervaluing natural capital
Direct Causes
:
HIPPCO
H
=Habitat Destruction, degradation and fragmentation
I
: Invasive Species
P
=Population growth and increase resource use
P
=Pollution
C: Climate ChangeO
: OverexploitationSlide10
Invasive / Alien/Non-Native Species
Native Species
: live in their historic range-where they have lived for thousands-millions of years
Alien
: Live outside historic range
Some species moved accidentally , some intentionally
Asian Carp
http://www.cbsnews.com/video/watch/?id=5869154nSlide11
Cane Toads: An Unnatural History
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4mvV8OT-mmE
Answer the questions on your guided viewing as you watch the movie
Think about how Cane Toads have affected biodiversity within the Australian ecosystems they have invadedSlide12
Invasive Species FRQ
Spend 15 minutes answering the free response question about invasive/nonnative species
We will review this question after 15 minutes
Remember – always write something, and use complete sentences!Slide13
Biodiversity Day 2 - Wednesday
Goal
Activities to review: evolution and natural selection
Wooly Worms Lab (intro, ‘feeding frenzy’ data table as a group, calculate x, x
2
as a group, find probability (p)
Analysis questions due Monday, review as a classSlide14
Do Now
Read the introduction to
‘Evolution and Adaptation: Using Wooly Worms to Simulate Natural Selection
’
Write down a purpose for today’s lab in your notes
Find a partner for the lab and sit togetherSlide15
Objective
I can simulate natural selection using a wooly worms activity
Explain how genes are positively and negatively selected for through natural selection
I can define gene frequency, adaptation, evolution, and natural selectionSlide16
Agenda
Do Now, Objective (10 min)
Lab Introduction (7 min)
Wooly Worms Feeding Frenzy (15 min)
Class Data Discussion (15 min)Slide17
Darwin
’
s theory of evolution by natural selection
Individuals produce an excess of offspring.
Not all offspring can survive.
Individuals differ in their traits.
Differences in traits can be passed on from parents to offspring.
Differences in traits are associated with differences in the ability to survive and reproduce.Slide18
Wooly Worms & Natural Selection
S
imulate
natural selection with wooly worms
Find out
if different color wooly worms are positively or negatively selected for due to cryptic coloration
Calculate
the Chi-square value for the wooly worm activity to find out if statistically significant selection of certain color worms occurred Slide19
Feeding Frenzy!Slide20
Class DataSlide21
Statistically Significant Selection?Slide22
Analysis Questions
Which color worms were subjected to positive selective pressure (see introduction)? How do you know
?
Consider the school grounds upon which you “fed” on your wooly worms. If this environment remained unchanged over a very long period of time, how would the gene frequency be affected in future generations
?Slide23
Do Now
Read the introduction to your biodiversity lab and take notes on it for the next 5-7 minutes.Slide24
Objective
To employ the concept of the null hypothesis in a scientific experiment.
To determine the Shannon-Weiner Diversity Index for two groups of “species.”
To compare and analyze the two samples using the Shannon-Weiner method.Slide25
Agenda
Do Now, Objective
Shannon-Weiner Biodiversity Index LabSlide26
Species richness
- the number of species in a given area.
Species evenness
- the measure of whether a particular ecosystem is numerically dominated by one species or are all represented by similar numbers of individuals.Slide27
Shannon Weiner Biodiversity Index
The Shannon-Weiner Diversity Index is a common way of showing that diversity involves not only numbers of different species, but also how well each of these species is represented in different “habitats.”
The
Shannon-Weiner value “H” can range from no diversity at 0.0 (think of a Christmas Tree farm) to a maximum diversity of 4.0 (think of a rainforest).
A
large value of H indicates that if you randomly pick in your test area, the odds are the second individual will be different from the first.
In
this investigation your group will collect data from the vehicles in the student and faculty areas of parking at the school.Slide28
Class Goals
Define
biomagnification
Review key terms from chapter 4
Practice FRQ’s with math in themSlide29
Do Now
How would you respond to someone who tells you that:
He or she does not believe in biological evolution because it is “just a theory”?
Or
We should not worry about air pollution because natural selection will enable humans to develop lungs that can detoxify pollutantsSlide30
Objective
I can explain how
biomagnification
affected the population of Bald Eagles in the Channel Islands, and how their population was restored using a guided viewing and notes.
I can define the following Chapter 4 vocabulary words visually and in writing using flashcards:
native species, nonnative/invasive species, indicator species, keystone species, generalist species, specialist species, ecological niche, endemic species, geographic isolation, and reproductive isolationSlide31
Agenda
Dow Now, Objective (7 min)
Return Flight Movie & Guided Viewing (15 min)
Species Vocabulary Flashcards (15 min)
Practice the Math (10 min)Slide32
Return Flight
http://www.wildandscenicfilmfestival.org/return-flight-restoring-the-bald-eagle-to-the-channel-islands
/
As you watch the short film, answer the guided viewing questions on your worksheet. Slide33
Chapter 4 Vocabulary Flashcards
Use computers, textbooks, and your notes to help you make flashcards for the following terms:
native
species
nonnative
/invasive
species
indicator species
keystone species
generalist species
specialist species
ecological niche
endemic species
geographic isolation
reproductive isolationFlashcards must include: term, definition, drawingSlide34
Practice the Math!
Atrazine is an herbicide that blocks photosynthesis and is frequently cited as a cause of mutations in frogs and other amphibians. Atrazine is often applied at rates of 2.9 x 10
7
ppb on agricultural fields, yet the EPA limit for atrazine in drinking water is 3 ppb. If a farmer applies atrazine on a field at the rate of 4 pounds per acre, and sprays an average farm of 1,000 acres, how many gallons of water would be contaminated at a rate of 3 ppb? (1 gallon of water weighs 8.34 pounds).
4.2 x 10
12
gallons
2.5 x 10
12
gallons
3.70 x 10
11
gallons
1.60 x 10
11 gallons2.1 x 1010 gallonsSlide35
Practice the Math!
Atrazine is an herbicide that blocks photosynthesis and is frequently cited as a cause of mutations in frogs and other amphibians. Atrazine is often applied at rates of 2.9 x 10
7
ppb on agricultural fields, yet the
EPA limit for atrazine in drinking water is 3 ppb
. If a farmer applies atrazine on a field at the rate of
4 pounds per acre
, and sprays an average farm
of 1,000 acres
,
how many gallons of water would be contaminated at a rate of 3 ppb
? (
1 gallon of water weighs 8.34 pounds
).Slide36
Practice the Math!
Atrazine is an herbicide that blocks photosynthesis and is frequently cited as a cause of mutations in frogs and other amphibians. Atrazine is often applied at rates of 2.9 x 10
7
ppb on agricultural fields, yet the
EPA limit for atrazine in drinking water is 3 ppb
. If a farmer applies atrazine on a field at the rate of
4 pounds per acre
, and sprays an average farm
of 1,000 acres
,
how many gallons of water would be contaminated at a rate of 3 ppb
? (
1 gallon of water weighs 8.34 pounds
).
4 pounds per acre and 1000 acres 4 x 1000 = 4000 poundsSlide37
Practice the Math!
Atrazine is an herbicide that blocks photosynthesis and is frequently cited as a cause of mutations in frogs and other amphibians. Atrazine is often applied at rates of 2.9 x 10
7
ppb on agricultural fields, yet the
EPA limit for atrazine in drinking water is 3 ppb
. If a farmer applies atrazine on a field at the rate of
4 pounds per acre
, and sprays an average farm
of 1,000 acres
,
how many gallons of water would be contaminated at a rate of 3 ppb
? (
1 gallon of water weighs 8.34 pounds
).
3 ppb 3 parts per billion 3/1,000,000,000 0.000000003Slide38
Practice the Math!
Atrazine is an herbicide that blocks photosynthesis and is frequently cited as a cause of mutations in frogs and other amphibians. Atrazine is often applied at rates of 2.9 x 10
7
ppb on agricultural fields, yet the
EPA limit for atrazine in drinking water is 3 ppb
. If a farmer applies atrazine on a field at the rate of
4 pounds per acre
, and sprays an average farm
of 1,000 acres
,
how many gallons of water would be contaminated at a rate of 3 ppb
? (
1 gallon of water weighs 8.34 pounds
).
What is 3 ppb out of 4,000 pounds?0.000000003*X = 4,000 lbsSlide39
Practice the Math!
Atrazine is an herbicide that blocks photosynthesis and is frequently cited as a cause of mutations in frogs and other amphibians. Atrazine is often applied at rates of 2.9 x 10
7
ppb on agricultural fields, yet the
EPA limit for atrazine in drinking water is 3 ppb
. If a farmer applies atrazine on a field at the rate of
4 pounds per acre
, and sprays an average farm
of 1,000 acres
,
how many gallons of water would be contaminated at a rate of 3 ppb
? (
1 gallon of water weighs 8.34 pounds
).
0.000000003*X = 4,000 lbsX = 4000/0.000000003X = 1.33333333 x 1012
lbs
of waterSlide40
Practice the Math!
Atrazine is an herbicide that blocks photosynthesis and is frequently cited as a cause of mutations in frogs and other amphibians. Atrazine is often applied at rates of 2.9 x 10
7
ppb on agricultural fields, yet the
EPA limit for atrazine in drinking water is 3 ppb
. If a farmer applies atrazine on a field at the rate of
4 pounds per acre
, and sprays an average farm
of 1,000 acres
,
how many gallons of water would be contaminated at a rate of 3 ppb
? (
1 gallon of water weighs 8.34 pounds
).
X = 1.33333333 x 1012 lbs of water1 gallon = 8.34
lbs
1.33333333 x 10
12
lbs
/8.34 = 1.59872192 x 10
11
gallons of waterSlide41
Practice the Math!
Atrazine is an herbicide that blocks photosynthesis and is frequently cited as a cause of mutations in frogs and other amphibians. Atrazine is often applied at rates of 2.9 x 10
7
ppb on agricultural fields, yet the
EPA limit for atrazine in drinking water is 3 ppb
. If a farmer applies atrazine on a field at the rate of
4 pounds per acre
, and sprays an average farm
of 1,000 acres
,
how many gallons of water would be contaminated at a rate of 3 ppb
? (
1 gallon of water weighs 8.34 pounds
).
1.33333333 x 1012 lbs/8.34 = 1.59872192 x 1011 gallons of water
4.2 x 10
12
gallons
2.5 x 10
12
gallons
3.70 x 10
11
gallons
1.60 x 10
11
gallons
2.1 x 10
10
gallonsSlide42
Practice the Math!
Atrazine is an herbicide that blocks photosynthesis and is frequently cited as a cause of mutations in frogs and other amphibians. Atrazine is often applied at rates of 2.9 x 10
7
ppb on agricultural fields, yet the
EPA limit for atrazine in drinking water is 3 ppb
. If a farmer applies atrazine on a field at the rate of
4 pounds per acre
, and sprays an average farm
of 1,000 acres
,
how many gallons of water would be contaminated at a rate of 3 ppb
? (
1 gallon of water weighs 8.34 pounds
).
1.33333333 x 1012 lbs/8.34 = 1.59872192 x 1011 gallons of water
4.2 x 10
12
gallons
2.5 x 10
12
gallons
3.70 x 10
11
gallons
1.60 x 10
11
gallons
2.1 x 10
10
gallons