Chapter 23 A Clash of Cultures, - PowerPoint Presentation

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Chapter 23A Clash of Cultures, 1920-1929Slide2

ModernismSlide3

Mass Culture

The Growing Consumer Culture

New products swept the markets, and as a result, prices dropped considerably. Things that had once been only obtainable by the wealthy now were purchased by the middle class. Innovations in communication made a more homogeneous American society.

Radios and movie theaters became commonplace, and they drove the American desire to talk the same, dress the same, and experience the same lifestyles they saw on the big screen.

Airplanes, Automobiles, and the Economy

Since the Wright brothers’ flight in 1903, the use of planes advanced slowly. In World War I, they were originally used for reconnaissance, until they were made into fighters, and toward the end of the war, bombers

. In 1927, Charles Lindbergh would fly across the Atlantic solo. This would promote the feasibility of air travel in American society.

Still, automobiles were the more numerous and significant revolution in travel.

Henry Ford’s innovative assembly-line technique cut the cost of his Model T substantially and made it affordable for a new generation of Americans that was more affluent due to the postwar boom. Slide4

I. The New EraD. Consumer Culture 1. Economic prosperity 1920s, per capita income increased by a third while the cost of living stayed the same

mass production of new products produced a consumer goods revolution in this new era of abundance, and more people than ever conceived of the American dream in terms of things they could acquire

2. The rise of advertising

3. The problem of consumption

economic problem had shifted from production to consumption

one solution was to expand America’s markets in foreign countries, and government and business joined in that effort

a second solution was to simply expand the market at home

Henry Ford paid his workers twice the going rate to encourage mass consumption

4. The rise of credit

many people’s incomes were too low to indulge in consumer goods; businesses supplied the solution:

credit, installment buying rather than saving.Slide5
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A Modern HomeSlide9

Charlie Chaplin Slide10

The Rise of RadioSlide11

Ford Motor Co.’s Highland Park Plant, 1913 Slide12

Mass Culture

Spectator Sports

with baseball’s Babe Ruth and boxing’s Jack Dempsey

football, essentially a college sport, held greater sway with the upper classes.Slide13

The Jazz AgeF. Scott Fitzgerald dubbed the postwar era the Jazz Age because young people were more willing to embrace new experiences such as jazz. African and European music came to be melded during this era and the result was jazz.

The “Jazz Age” during the “Roaring Twenties”Slide14

Duke Ellington and His Band Slide15

The New Woman of the 1920s Slide16

II. New Woman and MoralityB. The New Woman 1. Women in politics

2. Challenges to women’s political influence

Sheppard-Towner Act, which funded state efforts to curb infant mortality; a number of factors helped to thwart women’s political influence, including male domination of both political parties, the rarity of female candidates, and women’s lack of experience in voting.

3. Special protection vs. equal protection for women

4. Women at work

“women’s jobs,” many working as secretaries, stenographers, typists, nurses, librarians, elementary school teachers, salesclerks, and telephone operators

5. The flapper

woman who spent freely on the latest styles and danced all night to wild jazz.

6. Birth control

7. Challenging standards

Flapper style and values spread from coast to coast through films, novels, magazines, and advertisements; new women challenged American convictions about women and men in separate spheres, the double standard of sexual conduct, and Victorian ideas of proper female appearance and behavior.Slide17
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The Jazz Age, continued

The Great Migration

The most significant development in African American life in the twentieth century occurred when the white workers were drafted for the war and African Americans were encouraged to move north and take over for the soldiers. In a move known as the Great Migration, over 323,000 African Americans went north during the war, and by 1930, 615,000 more had joined them.

The “New Negro”-emphasis on culture

Garveyism

Garvey urged African Americans to rediscover the heritage of Africa, take pride in their own culture and achievements, and maintain racial purity by avoiding miscegenation; launched the Universal Negro Improvement Association, which created the Black Star Line shipping company to support the “Back to Africa” movement; Garvey was eventually convicted of mail fraud, jailed, and deported, but his legacy remains at the center of black nationalist thought.Slide19

3. The Harlem Renaissance New York City’s black population jumped 115 percent during the 1920san extraordinary mix of black artists, sculptors, novelists, musicians, and poets made Harlem their home and set out to create a distinctive African American culture that drew on their identities as both Americans and Africans; incredible flowering of artistic talent, including James Weldon Johnson, Langston Hughes, Zora Neale Hurston, and Aaron Douglas

despite the dazzling talent produced by the Harlem Renaissance, Harlem remained a separate black ghetto that most whites knew only for its lively nightlife

creative burst left a powerful legacy, but did little in the short run to dissolve the prejudice of a white society

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Into Bondage

This painting by Aaron Douglas exemplifies how black artists in the Harlem Renaissance used their African roots and collective history as artistic inspiration.Slide21

Marcus GarveySlide22

The Modernist Revolt

Science and Social Thought

When Albert Einstein announced his theory of relativity, he upended two centuries worth of conventional wisdom. This would lead to the birth of the modern physics movement. Other scientific studies during this time would also be transformed by this redefinition of thought, and scientists would apply it in other disciplines as well.

Modernist Art and Literature-

twentieth-century counterparts found themselves in a reality where new things could actually be created. Their works would reflect this outlook.

The Armory ShowSlide23

Russian Ballet (1916)Slide24

The Modernist Revolt, continued

Ezra Pound, T.S. Eliot, and Gertrude Stein

Leaders of the modernist movement

The “Lost Generation”

This term was coined by Gertrude Stein to describe the generation of adults who came of age during World War I. Slide25

II. The Roaring TwentiesE. The Lost Generation 1. Alienation and expatriation writers and artists felt alienated from American mass-culture society

found it shallow, anti-intellectual, and materialistic; many of these writers and artists left the United States to live in Europe

this so-called Lost Generation helped launch one of the most creative periods in American art and literature in the twentieth century; included Ernest Hemingway.

2. Exiles in spirit

were often exiles in spirit

acted as lonely critics of American cultural barrenness and vulgarity; included Sinclair Lewis, William Faulkner, and F. Scott Fitzgerald.Slide26

This concludes the Lecture PowerPoint presentation for Chapter 23 A Clash of Cultures, 1920-1929

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