Chuck Hookham PE June 28 2017 Demand for electricity eg light bulb motor requires an operating generator and wires Oneway Grid power flow very limited storage Grid Reqmt ID: 624135
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Energy Storage, Microgrids & IEEE 1547 Interconnection
Chuck Hookham, PEJune 28, 2017Slide2
Demand for electricity (e.g., light bulb, motor) requires an operating generator and wires
One-way Grid power flow – very limited storage
Grid
Req’mt. – voltage/frequency in tight “bands”Energy Storage – invented by Ben Franklin 1748
Electricity Basics
2Slide3
ES involves those technologies that can store produced energy until demanded later:Thermal Storage (ice, hot or cold water, CSP)
Potential Energy StorageHydroelectricity (ponds at dam sites)Pumped Storage HydroelectricityCompressed AirFlywheels (“electromechanical”)
3.
Electrical Energy Storage (“electrochemical”)Batteries Others (supercapacitors)Why?
What is “Energy Storage”?
3Slide4
Current Energy Storage Outlook – U.S.
4
Scale drives technology choice (e.g., PHS vs. BTM batteries)
Source: U.S. Dept. of Energy, “Global Storage Data Base” (2016)Slide5
94% of total US Storage CapacityBath County PHS (VA)
at 3,003 MW is world’s largest; Ludington will soon be #4
PHS annual generation:
-5.501 GWh (net, US)PHS provides significant capacity/energy and
ancillary benefits
Large Scale Pumped Hydro Storage (PHS)
5Slide6
6Storage “Placement”
(Use Case Driven)
Grid Storage (V & F)
Distribution Storage (Ops)
Customer Storage (BTM)
M
M
M
Source: EPRI (Kamath) 2017
Bi-directional FlowSlide7
Grid: ES Assets Built in MISO or MI: + Ludington PHS (1973) – 1,872 MW x 8 hrs. growing to 2,300 MW+
+ AES Battery Storage Project (2016) Indianapolis – 20 MW x 1 hr.Distribution: ES – DTE Community Energy Storage (1 MW agg. @ distributed – 2015)Microgrids: – smaller demo project(s) at NextEnergy, others. DoD/Ft. Custer
(ANG)
- 400 kW demonstration microgrid in Battle Creek (under construction) Grid Energy Storage in MISO, MI7Slide8
ES Markets robust in CAISO, PJM, ISO-NE Service Territories, Hawaii, others
. Not MIWhat are Causes? +
No direct markets (
MISO has low value for ancillary service, vs. other RTOs/ISOs) + Relatively low demand charges + Lower risks (natural, man-made)
8
National ES “Scene”
Aliso Canyon, CA, S+SSlide9
9Energy Storage “Use Cases”
Microgrids, DERs
Source: US Dept. of Energy (Crabtree) 2017
(UPS)Slide10
Use Case/Technology* by Scale
Source: Sandia National Laboratories
10
*Hybrid ES combines two or more technologies for multiple Use CasesSlide11
ES Cost ImpactsSource: Power Engineering,
Chudgar and Gabaldon, July, 201711
ES and Power Conversion (PCS) Costs on rapid decline (Li-ion batteries are a “commodity”)
*Other ES Technologies continue to face cost, reliability hurdles
Recent 2015/2016
declines even lower
t
han data/curveSlide12
T&D Grid use – resilience/performance; avoidance of investmentsIntermittent renewables – smoothing, load shifting (arbitrage)Behind-the-meter (BTM) - microgrids enhancing customer benefits, resilienceEnergy waste reduction - peak demand reduction, demand response, others
Future MISO market opportunities?Bottom Line: ES Investments must make sense for customers, MI, investorsEnergy Storage Benefits
12Slide13
Customer-built microgrids
CE-built microgrids (public purpose, C&I, other)ES/renewables yield DC; invert to AC before PCC
Source: A.
Haun (Schneider) Presentation to MPSC on 5/10/1713Microgrid FundamentalsSlide14
BTM assets generating to grid and/or islanding enabled under MI R460.601 to .656; compliance w/ MPSC GIPs (<150kW) or IEEE 1547/1547.1
criticalCE review future revisions to IEEE for safety/reliability (late 2017/early 2018)CE to monitor IEEE 2030
development –
smart grid and energy storage interoperability14
DERs and Microgrids - Standards
IEEE 1547a (2014) - Voltage regulation
and voltage/frequency response, with
“potential” for smart inverters to assist –
joint study as part of interconnectionSlide15
15DER Resource Interconnection
CE Dist. System
Significant “compatibility testing to confirm parallel/island capability
Point of Common Coupling
Comm.
Source: IEEE 1547.1
Smart inverter use to
enable active servicesSlide16
Consider ES “pilot projects” to evaluate benefits and gain experienceStudies have confirmed select storage use cases can be justified (microgrids, renewables smoothing, T&D deferral)
ES can align with Company’s focus and renewed emphasis on sustainability and customer engagement and satisfactionConsider customer DERs within State, industry, and corporate interconnect stds. with smart inverter benefits
considered where “commercial”
Where Is Consumers Energy Headed?
16Slide17
My Contact Data for any questions you might have:
Chuck Hookham Phone: (517) 768-3306 E-Mail: chuck.hookham@cmsenergy.com
Thank you!
Wrap Up17