exercitatio Disciplina disco ere Vegetius Palus Evocatus Campidoctor doceo ere Doctor cohortis Doctor armorum armatura Basilicae Campus decimation Use of gladiators in training ID: 593485
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Slide1
Exercitium
–
exercitatio
Disciplina
– disco, ere
Vegetius
Palus
Evocatus
Campidoctor
–
doceo
, ere
Doctor
cohortis
Doctor
armorum
/
armatura
Basilicae
Campus
decimationSlide2
Use of gladiators in training
(Shield from gladiator’s barrack in Pompeli/1st century CE)Slide3
Built by
military manpower:
Timgad
military colony (Algeria)Slide4
A wider shot so you can appreciate how much work that wasSlide5
If this doesn’t impress you with the work ability of the Roman military, I don’t know what willSlide6
Soldiers building fortress
in armour (Trajan’s column)Slide7
Campbell, Reading 178
Domitius Corbulo
(c. 7Ce-67 CE)Slide8
Appian
Spanish War
88
– Scipio
Africanus
“Not even so did he venture to wage war until he had exercised the men with
many toils. He marched over all the nearby plains and each day built and
demolished a new camp, one after another, dug very deep ditches and filled
them in, constructed high walls and overthrew them; he himself inspected
everything from morning to night....All the other soldiers were divided into
parties for various tasks: some were ordered to dig ditches, others to build
ramparts, others to pitch the tents. The length of time for these tasks was
defined and measured.”Slide9
Cedo
alteramAs it was, they thrust out the tribunes and the camp-prefect; they plundered the baggage of the fugitives, and they killed a centurion, Lucilius
, to whom, with soldiers'
humour
, they had given the name "Bring another," because when he had broken one vine-stick on a man's back, he would call in a loud voice for another and another.
Tacitus,
Annals
1.20 (on the mutiny in Pannonia in 14 CE)Slide10
Defying commanders:
Most of the country was thickly shaded, full of narrow defiles, and marshy, so that it kept the soldiers continually wet; they were covered with snow while they marched, and spent the night uncomfortably in damp places. Accordingly, they had not followed Lucullus for many days after the battle when they began to object. At first they sent their tribunes to him with entreaties to desist, then they held more tumultuous assemblies, and shouted in their tents at night, which seems to have been characteristic of a mutinous army.
And yet Lucullus plied them with entreaties, calling upon them to possess their souls in patience until they had
taken
and destroyed the Armenian Carthage, the work of their most hated foe, meaning Hannibal. But since he could not persuade them, he led them back…
Plutarch,
Life of Lucullus
on events of 68 BCESlide11
Some
mutinies in the 1st century BCE90 BCE Numidian
auxilliaries
89 BCE Consul L.
Porcius
Cato escapes stoning by his troops
88 BCE Consul Quintus
Pompeius
killed by his troops
87 BCE Consul L. Cornelius Cinna has to kill part of his troops (freedmen) who refuse to obey
85 BCE
Suffect
consul L. Valerius Flaccus killed in mutiny
84 BCE Cinna killed in a mutiny
67 BCE Lucullus’ troops mutiny
[several mutinies among Caesar’s soldiers from 51 on; mutinies among the armies of Antony, Octavian, Brutus, Cassius,
Dolabella
+ at least 5 other generals]