Unit 3 Civil War and Reconstructions Essential Question What effect did the westward expansion have on the arguments leading up to the Civil War Standard SSUSH8 The student will explain the relationship between growing northsouth divisions and westward expansion ID: 382571
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Slide1
GPS 8-10
Unit 3: Civil War and ReconstructionsSlide2
Essential Question: What effect did the westward expansion have on the arguments leading up to the Civil War?
Standard: SSUSH8 The student will explain the relationship between growing north-south divisions and westward expansion.
Explain how slavery became a significant issue in American politics, include the slave rebellion of Nat Turner and the rise of abolitionism (William Lloyd Garrison, Frederick Douglas and the Grimke sisters)Explain the Missouri Compromise and the issue of slavery in western states and territories.
Friday, September 16, 2011Slide3
Who was Frederick Douglas?
Friday, September 16, 2011: Bell workSlide4
Bell work
Unpack standards
Video: America the Story of USFriday, September 16, 2011: AgendaSlide5
Essential Question: How did westward expansion contribute to the growing division between the north and south?
Standard:
SSUSH8 The student will explain the relationship between growing north-south divisions and westward expansion. Explain how slavery became a significant issue in American politics; include the slave rebellion of Nat Turner and the rise of abolitionism (William Lloyd Garrison, Frederick Douglass, and the Grimke sisters). Explain the Missouri Compromise and the issue of slavery in western states and territories.
Describe the Nullification Crisis and the emergence of states’ rights ideology; include the role of John C. Calhoun and development of sectionalism.
Describe the war with Mexico and the Wilmot Proviso.
Explain how the Compromise of 1850 arose out of territorial expansion and population growth.
Monday, September 19, 2011Slide6
How did westward expansion contribute to the division of the north and south?
Monday, September 19, 2011: Bell workSlide7
Bell work
Chart: SSUSH8
Video: Pierce and PolkMonday, September 19, 2011: AgendaSlide8
Essential Question: What major events caused the Civil War to ignite?
SSUSH9 The student will identify key events, issues, and individuals relating to the causes, course, and consequences of the Civil War.
a. Explain the Kansas-Nebraska Act, the failure of popular sovereignty, Dred Scott case, and John Brown’s Raid. b. Describe President Lincoln’s efforts to preserve the Union as seen in his second inaugural address and the Gettysburg speech and in his use of emergency powers, such as his decision to suspend habeas corpus.
c. Describe the roles of Ulysses Grant, Robert E. Lee, “Stonewall” Jackson, William T. Sherman, and Jefferson Davis.
d. Explain the importance of Fort Sumter, Antietam, Vicksburg, Gettysburg, and the Battle for Atlanta and the impact of geography on these battles.
e. Describe the significance of the Emancipation Proclamation.
f. Explain the importance of the growing economic disparity between the North and the South through an examination of population, functioning railroads, and industrial output.
Tuesday, September 20, 2011Slide9
Bell work
Explain the significance of the war with Mexico.
Tuesday, September 20, 2011Slide10
Bell work
Notes: Events leading to the Civil War
Political Cartoon ActivityCreate your own political cartoonTuesday, September 20, 2011Slide11
Senator
Stephen Douglas of Illinois again raised the issue of slavery in 1854 – Illinois had 2 things to gain from the admittance of Kansas and Nebraska in the Union
Chicago would benefit from running a railroad through Kansas and NebraskaDouglas wanted to be President – he needed support of Southern Democrats to win – they would object to admitting Kansas and Nebraska as free states
To
win support of both, Douglas introduced the Kansas-Nebraska Act – it supported the idea of popular sovereignty – the idea of letting the citizens of the state choose for themselves
Douglas
wanted the Missouri Compromise repealed to do this
The
bill passed, but Douglas turned out to be wrong about almost everything connected with it
Kansas-Nebraska ActSlide12
John Brown was an abolitionist who believed that he was send by god to end slavery
On October 16, 1859, Brown led a band of 21 men, black and white, in a raid on Harper’s Ferry, Virginia (now West Virginia)
The aim was to seize the federal arsenal there and then distribute the weapons to slaves so they could start an uprisingNo slaves joined the insurrection and eventually Brown and his men were captured by a detachment of Marines, led by Robert E. Lee – 8 men were killed in the processBrown was convicted and hanged for treason – becoming a martyr for his cause for some
Bleeding KansasSlide13
Democrats nominated James Buchanan
Supported
the Compromise of 1850 and the Kansas-Nebraska Act.Republicans nominated John C. FremontDeclared that the federal government had the right to restrict slavery in the territories and called for the admission of Kansas as a free state.Know-Nothings nominated Millard Fillmore (former President)
Buchanan
won. He stated that the slavery issue was now “approaching its end.”
Election of 1856:Slide14
Dred
Scott, an enslaved man living in Missouri, filed suit against his owner, arguing that because he and his wife had once lived in states and territories where slavery was illegal, they were free
In a 7 to 2 decision, the Supreme Court ruled against Scott in Dred Scott v. SandfordThe court ruled slaves were not citizens and had no right to sue in court and could not win freedom simply because they were once in a free territory or stateThe
Missouri Compromise was ruled unconstitutional – all territories were open to slavery
The Dred Scott DecisionSlide15
Illinois Senator Stephen Douglas faced reelection in 1858 – his opponent was Abraham Lincoln
The two men were radically different
Douglas was short and stout and essentially a professional politician – he appeared regalLincoln came from humble roots, was tall, skinny, and awkward – he appeared more commonThe 2 met in a series of debates known as a Lincoln-Douglas debates – they highlighted 2 important principles, majority rules and minority rightsDouglas believed that state members had the right to rule as they wished, including on the issue of slavery
Lincoln did not believe that a majority should have the right to rule over a minority’s basic rights
Douglas won the election
Lincoln-Douglas DebateSlide16
Before the election of 1860, it was clear that Northerners would not accept a Southern president and vice versa
At the Democratic Party convention in Charleston, the Northern and Southern delegates were unable to agree on a Presidential candidate – the divisive issue was slavery
Southern delegates met separately and nominated John C. BreckinridgeNorthern delegates nominated Stephen DouglasModerate southerners from border states (DE, MD, KY, MO) met to form their own party, the Constitutional Union Party, and nominated John Bell of TN
The Republicans nominated Abraham Lincoln after rejecting their original candidate, William Seward, because they feared he was too extreme in his views on anti-slavery
The election proved that North and South were completely divided – there were no national parties
In the north, voters chose between Lincoln and Douglas
In the south, voters chose between Breckinridge and Bell (Lincoln’s name didn’t even appear on many southern ballots)
Lincoln won the election without winning a single electoral vote in the south
Lincoln’s ElectionSlide17
Candidate
Electoral
VotePopular Vote
Abraham
Lincoln
180
1,865,593
John C. Breckinridge
72
848,356
John Bell
39
592,906
Stephen Douglas
12
1,382,713
Election of 1860 ResultsSlide18
Southerners were outraged that Lincoln was elected without any southern electoral votes – the national government it seemed had passed out of their hands
Secessionists, or those who wanted the south to secede, argued that since the states voluntarily joined the U.S., they could also leave when they wanted
South Carolina officially left the union on December 20, 1860Six other Lower South states followed over the next few weeksThey created a new nation, the Confederate States of AmericaThey elected Jefferson Davis, a former Senator from Mississippi, President
South Carolina SecedesSlide19
“A Premature Movement”
In this particular cartoon, titled "A Premature Movement," a disheveled and elderly John Brown, with rifle in hand, is encouraging an African American, most likely a slave, to take one of his pikes and follow him. The caption says, "Here! Take this and follow me. My name's Brown." The slave, labeled
Cuffee
in the caption, responds, "Praise God! Mr. Brown
dat
is impossible. We
ain't
done
seedin
'
yit
at our house."
http://randomthoughtsonhistory.blogspot.com/2010/04/john-brown-political-cartoon.htmlSlide20
Essential Question: What were the advantages and disadvantages of the north and south during the Civil War?
Standard:
SSUSH9 The student will identify key events, issues, and individuals relating to the causes, course, and consequences of the Civil War. a. Explain the Kansas-Nebraska Act, the failure of popular sovereignty, Dred Scott case, and John Brown’s Raid. b. Describe
President Lincoln’s efforts to preserve the Union as seen in his second inaugural address and the Gettysburg speech and in his use of emergency powers, such as his decision to suspend habeas corpus.
c. Describe
the roles of Ulysses Grant, Robert E. Lee, “Stonewall” Jackson, William T. Sherman, and Jefferson Davis.
d. Explain
the importance of Fort Sumter, Antietam, Vicksburg, Gettysburg, and the Battle for Atlanta and the impact of geography on these battles.
e. Describe
the significance of the Emancipation Proclamation.
f. Explain
the importance of the growing economic disparity between the North and the South through an examination of population, functioning railroads, and industrial output.
Wednesday, September 21, 2011Slide21
John C. Calhoun is best describe as
A southern hero and supporter of state’s rights
A southern hero who opposed state’s rightsA radical abolitionistThe first Southern president
Wednesday, September 21: Bell workSlide22
Bell work
Check home work
Notes: WAR!!!Political Cartoon ActivityWednesday, September 21: AgendaSlide23
In
his first inaugural address, President Lincoln spoke directly to the Southern states, saying that the power to avoid civil war was in their hands
Although South Carolina had succeeded from the Union, federal troops still occupied Fort Sumter, off the coast of CharlestonA federal supply ship sent to resupply the base in January had to turn back because Confederate forces fired on it and would not let the ship throughLincoln wanted to resupply the fort, but refused to be responsible for starting the war
Confederate
President Jefferson Davis ordered Fort Sumter taken in April 1861 – the nation was at war
Fort SumterSlide24
By firing on Fort Sumter, the South had committed a direct act of rebellion and Lincoln was forced to act
When
he called for volunteers to fight the seceding states, the remaining southern states (VA, NC, TN, AR) saw this as an act of war and secededThe Upper South SecedesSlide25
General
Irvin McDowell told Lincoln that it would take some time to get his troops ready to fight, but Lincoln ordered the army into action
The untrained Union army marched towards Manassas, VA – an important railroad junction south of DCThe Confederates were camped at a stream called Bull Run, 4 miles from ManassasIt took the Union army to march the 25 miles, giving the Confederate General Beauregard time to ready his troops and get reinforcementsThe
Confederate troops were able to hold the land, eventually forcing the Union troops to retreat
This
was the first official battle of the Civil War, but was rather small in scale
This
battle also made a legend out of Confederate General Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson
First Battle of Bull RunSlide26
Northern Advantages
An
already established governmentMore people Northern pop. 21.5 millionSouthern pop. 9 millionTwice as much railroad trackMore
factories – 110,100 in the North vs. 20,600 in the South
Most
of the nation’s military colleges were in the South, so a majority of the nation’s trained officers were southern and sided with the South
Southern
army only needed to defend its territory to win the war – they didn’t need to initiate any action
Southerners
believed they were struggling for their way of life – they had a cause everyone could relate to
Preparing for War
Southern AdvantagesSlide27
After
the fall of Fort Sumter, Lincoln ordered the Southern ports blockaded so they couldn’t send their cotton to Europe or import goods
The strategy was to try and choke the south – they needed to do this because the Union wasn’t ready to fight yetThe South’s strategy was to prepare and wait – many hoped Lincoln would let them go in peaceSouthern leaders decided to discontinue the production of cotton, hoping European leaders would put pressure on Lincoln to end the war
Union Blockades Southern portsSlide28
Essential Question: What were the advantages and disadvantages of the north and south during the Civil War?
Standard:
SSUSH9 The student will identify key events, issues, and individuals relating to the causes, course, and consequences of the Civil War. a. Explain the Kansas-Nebraska Act, the failure of popular sovereignty, Dred Scott case, and John Brown’s Raid. b. Describe President Lincoln’s efforts to preserve the Union as seen in his second inaugural address and the Gettysburg speech and in his use of emergency powers, such as his decision to suspend habeas corpus. c. Describe the roles of Ulysses Grant, Robert E. Lee, “Stonewall” Jackson, William T. Sherman, and Jefferson Davis.
d. Explain the importance of Fort Sumter, Antietam, Vicksburg, Gettysburg, and the Battle for Atlanta and the impact of geography on these battles.
e. Describe the significance of the Emancipation Proclamation.
f. Explain the importance of the growing economic disparity between the North and the South through an examination of population, functioning railroads, and industrial output.
Thursday, September 22, 2011Slide29
Thursday, September 22, 2011: Bell workSlide30
Bell work
Notes: The Civil War
Graph: Battle of the Civil WarPrimary Document with analysis (Picture of Adeline Williams and Johnson letters)Thursday, September 22, 2011: AgendaSlide31
Anaconda Plan – idea of General Winfield Scott, it was a plan to surround the Confederacy and cutting off all supply lines
Lincoln was concerned that Maryland would join the Confederacy.
He placed the state under martial law and suspended habeas corpus.The guarantee that a person cannot be imprisoned without being brought before a judge.Lincoln also put in place a draftLincoln’s PlanSlide32
January 1, 1863 – followed a Union victory at Antietam, Maryland.
The proclamation freed the slaves in the Confederate States, while maintaining slavery in the border states loyal to the Union.
Encouraged free African Americans to serve in the Union Army.The Emancipation ProclamationSlide33
As the war progressed, it became obvious that the
Northern
was better able to deal with the hardships of war than the south.The Depths of WarSlide34
Southern Economic Problems
Food shortage: Invading
armies disrupted food and cotton productionlabor shortage: men were off fighting, women had to fill in
inflation
– 1 and 2 led to a higher price of goods
Conf
. Army desertions
factories
could produce everything the people and army needed
women
filled in for men in the factories
Economics of War
Northern Economic BoomSlide35
disease kills many soldiers: poor nutrition and contaminated food led to dysentery and typhoid fever, malaria
Union
soldier 3 times more likely to die in a camp or hospital than killed on the battlefieldDoctors did not know how to sterilize their equipmentMany women became nurses, including Clara Barton and Dorothea Dix
Medical CareSlide36
Lincoln
changed the Generals in charge of the army routinely
Nov. 1862 – General Ambrose Burnside put in charge of Union armyHis tactical errors led to the Union loss at the Battle of Fredericksburg in Dec. 1862 – Burnside decided to cross the river right in front of Lee’s troopsBurnside was forced to resign and General Joseph Hooker was put in chargeThrough a series of sly divisions of Lee’s army, the Union forces were defeated at Chancellorsville in May 1863
This
was the low point for the Union war effort
Northern Battle BlundersSlide37
After the Union defeat in Chancellorsville, Lee marched his army North into PA
It
was rumored that many members of Lee’s army were looking for a stock of shoes near Gettysburg, PAWhat resulted was the 3-day Battle of Gettysburg, the greatest battle ever fought in NABattle of GettysburgSlide38
23,000 of 85,000 Union soldiers were casualties
28,000
of 75,000 Conf. Soldiers were casualtiesthe bloodiest battle of the Civil WarLosses at GettysburgSlide39
Given four months after the battle
Ceremony dedicating a cemetery on the sight of the battlefield.
Powerful affirmation of Lincoln’s desire to see the Union survive and the nation reunited.Gettysburg AddressSlide40
Essential Question: What were the advantages and disadvantages of the north and south during the Civil War?
Standard:
SSUSH9 The student will identify key events, issues, and individuals relating to the causes, course, and consequences of the Civil War. a. Explain the Kansas-Nebraska Act, the failure of popular sovereignty, Dred Scott case, and John Brown’s Raid. b. Describe President Lincoln’s efforts to preserve the Union as seen in his second inaugural address and the Gettysburg speech and in his use of emergency powers, such as his decision to suspend habeas corpus. c. Describe the roles of Ulysses Grant, Robert E. Lee, “Stonewall” Jackson, William T. Sherman, and Jefferson Davis.
d. Explain the importance of Fort Sumter, Antietam, Vicksburg, Gettysburg, and the Battle for Atlanta and the impact of geography on these battles.
e. Describe the significance of the Emancipation Proclamation.
f. Explain the importance of the growing economic disparity between the North and the South through an examination of population, functioning railroads, and industrial output.
Friday, September 23, 2011Slide41
No bell work: Finish battles chart
Discuss chart
Primary document analysisMovie: GloryFriday, September 23, 2011Slide42
Essential Question: How did Lincoln increase the power of the presidency in order to win the Civil War?
SSUSH9 The student will identify key events, issues, and individuals relating to the causes, course, and consequences of the Civil War.
a. Explain the Kansas-Nebraska Act, the failure of popular sovereignty, Dred Scott case, and John Brown’s Raid. b. Describe President Lincoln’s efforts to preserve the Union as seen in his second inaugural address and the Gettysburg speech and in his use of emergency powers, such as his decision to suspend habeas corpus. c. Describe the roles of Ulysses Grant, Robert E. Lee, “Stonewall” Jackson, William T. Sherman, and Jefferson Davis.
d. Explain the importance of Fort Sumter, Antietam, Vicksburg, Gettysburg, and the Battle for Atlanta and the impact of geography on these battles.
e. Describe the significance of the Emancipation Proclamation.
f. Explain the importance of the growing economic disparity between the North and the South through an examination of population, functioning railroads, and industrial output.
Tuesday, September 26, 2011Slide43
Bell work: Explain the treatment of the African American soldiers as portrayed in “Glory.”
Finish movie
Discuss the significance of the African American soldiers in the war effort of the North.Work on projects. – Have the students construct the rubric.
Tuesday, September 27, 2011Slide44
Candidates – Abraham Lincoln (Republican) and George McClellan (Democrats)
McClellan
was one of the generals Lincoln had firedLincoln initially believed he would lose badly, but Sherman’s capture of Atlanta changed public opinion Lincoln was easily reelected, winning 212 of the possible 233 electoral votesElection of 1864Slide45
By April 1865, there were less than 35,000 starving men still defending Richmond
Lee
knew he had to get his army out before there were more desertions – he wanted to reunite his troops with Johnston’s in NCJohnston was fighting Sherman’s troopsThe Conf. troops got as far as the town of Appomattox Court House, VA, where they were forced to surrender
The Confederate Last StandSlide46
Lee and Grant met at The McLean House, a private home, to discuss the terms of Southern surrender on Apr. 9, 1865
Lee
was in his dress uniform, sword at his sideGrant was in his usual private’s uniform, splattered with mudThey made small talk and then Lee asked Grant about the terms of surrender
Surrender at AppomattoxSlide47
Southern soldiers could take their horses and mules and go home
They
would not be punished as traitors as long as they obeyed the laws where they livedGrant would feed the starving Confederate armyAs news of the surrender spread, Union troops began to fire their cannons in celebrationGrant stopped them, saying “the rebels are our countrymen again”
The Terms of Surrender were generousSlide48
Throughout the winter of 1864-1865, a group of men led by actor John Wilkes Booth hatched a plan to help the confederacy
Their
original plan was to kidnap Lincoln and exchange him for Confederate prisoners of warThe plan later included the assassination of top Union officials, including General Grant and Vice President Andrew JohnsonThe ConspiracySlide49
April 14, 1865 – President Lincoln and his wife go to Ford’s Theatre in Washington, DC to see a play
Booth shot Lincoln in the back on the head, jumped out of the box and onto the stage, breaking his leg
Booth escaped and hid in a barn in Virginia where he was shot after refusing to surrenderLincoln was taken to a house across the street where he died the next morningNone of the other official were ever hurt – Booth’s co-conspirators chickened outLincoln’s AssassinationSlide50Slide51Slide52
Reconstruction BeginsSlide53
Essential Question
: What
laws were passed during Reconstruction to ensure that Southern power was limited?SSUSH10 The student will identify legal, political, and social dimensions of Reconstruction. a. Compare and contrast Presidential Reconstruction with Radical Republican Reconstruction.
b. Explain
efforts to redistribute land in the South among the former slaves and provide advanced education (Morehouse College) and describe the role of the Freedmen’s Bureau.
c. Describe
the significance of the 13th, 14th, and 15th amendments.
d. Explain
Black Codes, the Ku Klux Klan, and other forms of resistance to racial equality during Reconstruction.
e. Explain
the impeachment of Andrew Johnson in relationship to Reconstruction.
f. Analyze
how the presidential election of 1876 and the subsequent compromise of 1877 marked the end of Reconstruction.
Wednesday, September 28, 2011Slide54
Bell work: Read except the Gettysburg Address and answer the questions.
Notes: The End of the War
Stations: ReconstructionPolitical Cartoon Analysis: ReconstructionVideo: President Johnson
Agenda for Wednesday, September 28Slide55
Essential Question: What
was the reaction by southerners to the Reconstruction laws
?Bell workDiscuss standard assignment from yesterday.Johnson Political Cartoon Activity
Video: Lincoln and Johnson
Bingo
Work on project
Thursday, September 29, 2011