Morals Vs Ethics Morals are individual standards of right and wrong based on Deepseated personal values Accepted beliefs and modes of conduct by groups in which people choose to work and ID: 335694
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Slide1
Morals Vs. EthicsSlide2
Morals Vs. Ethics
Morals
are individual standards of right and wrong based on:
Deep-seated personal values
Accepted beliefs and modes of conduct by groups in which people choose to work and
play
Ethics
are clearly defined standards of right and wrong set out by written codes or standards
determined
by an organization or professionSlide3
Morals
are related to personal character and belief as to what is right and
wrong (internal).
Ethics
are the proper behavior regarding the social system where morals are applied (external).
Legal
is separate from what is moral or ethical.
Legal
is external and is defined by local, state, Federal laws or regulations created by government officials we elect.Slide4
Media Ethics: Lying
Sissela
Bok. 1999.
Lying.
New York: Vintage Books
Slide5
Lying
Is lying escalating in our society?
President Clinton: (1) “I did not have sex with that woman,” (2) “I misled my family, colleagues, and public.”
Wall
Street
Politicians, lawyers
Or are we just seeing it reported more often?Slide6
Lying
Is there more truth-telling in our society?
Reversal in practices of lying to the seriously ill.
Greater openness about adoption, out-of-wedlock births, religious persuasion, sexual orientation, spread of AIDS.Slide7
Lying
“The role one assigns to truthfulness will always remain central in considering what kind of person one wants to
be – how
one wishes to treat, not only other people, but oneself.”
Gradually we learn from childhood what a lie is and the awesome power of lies.
And how much easier it is to slip into a lie than to undo its effects.Slide8
Lying
“The most serious miscalculation people make when weighing lies is to evaluate the costs and benefits of a particular lie in an isolated case, and then to favor lies if the benefits seem to outweigh the costs
.”
“In
so doing, they risk blinding themselves to the effect that such lying can have on their integrity and self-respect, and to the jeopardy in which they place others.”Slide9
Lying
The engine of society and of relationships is greased by mutual trust.
“Trust and integrity are precious resources, easily squandered, hard to regain.
[Societies]…can
thrive only on a foundation for veracity.”
However, psychology research indicates you can’t tell if people are lying from their voice, facial
expressions
or body movements.
Hard to know when someone is trying to deceive us or
whether to trust them. Slide10
Fuel
Engine
Destination
Communication
Respect
Caring
Fairness
Mutual
Understanding
Trust
Listening
The Schematic of a Relationship
Trust
TrustSlide11
Lying
Varying types of deception:
ConfabulationCompulsive or pathological lying
Duping delight
Excitement of risk taking
Truth dumping
May be telling the truth but violates fundamental standards of respect and concern.Slide12
Lying
Original definition: A lie is any “intentionally deceptive message which is
stated.”
“It holds, for there to be a lie, a person must not only be making a statement intended to deceive
listeners,
but must also believe that the statement is
itself
false.”Slide13
When Is Lying Acceptable?
Should physicians lie to dying patients so as to delay the fear and anxiety which the truth might bring them
?
Heart surgery
Should professors exaggerate the excellence of their students on letters of recommendation to help them get a job
?Slide14
Should parents conceal from children that they are adopted?
Steve Jobs, Jeff Bezos
Should social scientists send investigators masquerading as patients to learn about sexual or racial bias?Slide15
Truth
How can we
assess
the bargaining in an Eastern bazaar, the white lies of everyday life, the
lies
for national
defense/security
and
the lies
to spare a dying child?
“The moral question of whether you are lying or not is
not
settled by establishing the truth or falsity of what you say.
In
order to settle this question, we must know whether you
intend your statement to mislead.”Slide16
Lying
As with Piaget,
intention is the key.
“
Liars share with those they deceive the desire not to
be
deceived.
As
a result, their choice to lie is one which they would like to reserve for themselves while insisting that others be honest
.”
“They
would prefer, in other words a ‘free-rider’ status.”Slide17
The Ring of Gyges
Return
to the ring of Gyges
.
Lying gives the liar power, a “win” in a sense.
Paradoxically, once the liar’s word is no longer trusted, the liar will be left with greatly decreased
power – even
though a lie often does bring at least a short-term gain in power over those deceived.Slide18
Thus, as with Gollum, the power gained from lying and deception corrupts the soul.