PPT-Phase Equilibrium

UNITIII Topics of Chapter Statement and meaning of Phase component and degree of freedom Derivation of Gibbs phase rule Phase equilibrium of one component systemswater . Dr. Ron Rusay. © Copyright 2003-2010 R.J. Rusay. Chemical Equilibrium. The reactions considered until now have had reactants react completely to form products. These reactions “went” only in one direction.. The theoretical background of . FactSage. The following slides give an . abridged overview. of the major . underlying principles. . of the . calculational modules. . of . FactSage.. The Gibbs Energy Tree. Peter . Fratzl. Matthew Harrington. Dieter Fischer. Potsdam, Germany. 108th STATISTICAL MECHANICS . CONFERENCE. December. 2012. mussel. byssus. whelk. egg. capsule. Relatively. high . initial. . stiffness. Isothermal study (sample preparation and characterisation methods. ). Diffusion couple. Methods of sample preparation of metal alloys. Arc-melting. Raw materials in desired ratios are melted in high-temperature furnaces in protective gas atmosphere (. T-zero line, para-equilibrium. Experimental methods of phase diagram determination. C. D. Composition. a. Schematic phase diagram; b. Thermal analysis of alloy X. 2. ; c. XRD of series of alloys - phase boundaries from lattice parameter vs. composition; a. diffusion couple X. Application of phase diagrams in development of transparent polycrystalline oxides and thermal barrier coating. Phase diagrams for production of transparent polycrystalline materials. Polycrystalline oxides are used for optical applications. The Al. 1. Ref 1: . Physical Property Methods and Models, . Aspen Technology, Inc.. , . 2006. Ref 2:. . Smith et. Al. , Introduction to Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics, . McGraw-Hill, 1996. VLE . (EOS Method). Isothermal study (sample preparation and characterisation methods. ). Diffusion couple – local equilibrium. Experimental methods used for phase diagram construction. Static methods. Dynamic methods . Dr. Imtiaz Hussain. Assistant Professor. email: . imtiaz.hussain@faculty.muet.edu.pk. URL :. http://imtiazhussainkalwar.weebly.com/. Lecture-11. Phase Plane Analysis. 1. Introduction. The definition for stability for LTI systems is an easy concept to understand (eigenvalues).. of Steels.. Non equilibrium conditions. Non equilibrium is when a reaction is not allowed to go to completion. An example is “quenching”. when a hot object is plunged into a bath of cool liquid, such as iced brine or oil.. The Haber process proceeds as follows:. . 2NH. 3 (g). + 92KJ ↔ N. 2 (g). + 3H. 2 (g) . . If the equilibrium concentrations are:. [NH. 3. ] = 3.1x10. -2. M. [N. 2. ] = 8.5x10. -1. M. [H. 2. of the heterogeneous system is an important generalization was put forward by American physicist Willard . gibbs. known as phase rule. It is mathematically represented as F=C-P+2. where F=. . When the rates of the forward and reverse reactions become equal, the concentrations of the reactants and the products remain constant. This is the stage of chemical equilibrium. This equilibrium is . The Meaning of K. . K > 1 . . the equilibrium position is far to the right . K < 1 . . the equilibrium position is far to the left . The value of . K. for a system can be calculated from a known set of equilibrium concentrations. .