How are they different The main difference Phrases DO NOT have BOTH a subject amp a verb Clauses DO HAVE BOTH a subject amp a verb PHRASES 4 Types No Subject amp Verb 1 Prepositional Phrase ID: 758332
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Slide1
Phrases & Clauses
What are they?
How are they different? Slide2
The main difference:
Phrases
DO NOT
have BOTH a subject & a verb
Clauses
DO HAVE
BOTH a subject & a verb
Slide3
PHRASES:
4 Types
No Subject & VerbSlide4
1: Prepositional Phrase
Prepositional Phrase =
Preposition
+
Noun
from the house =
from
(prep) + (noun) the houseHe ran quickly from the house. behind a rock = behind (prep) + (noun) a rockI saw my teacher behind a rock. Slide5
during
the
movie
about
his messy room
around the track and near the field1: Prepositional PhraseSlide6
2: Participial Phrase
A
participle
is a verb
used as another part of speech.
Participles are easy to recognize:
they end in –ing or –ed. For example: running water, baked apples, loving husband, loaded gun, etc…Slide7
looking
closely
,
staying
up all night
studying the History book2: Participial PhraseMore examples: Slide8
3: Infinitive Phrase
To
+
verb
= Infinitive phrase
If you have ever studied a foreign language, you might remember that verbs are always studied w/the
infinitive
first: to love (the infinitive form)I loveyou lovehe/she/it loveswe loveyou lovethey loveSlide9
3: Infinitive Phrase
cont’d
Infinitive phrases
begin with the infinitive form of the verb
Examples
:
to run a mileto start overto do homework all nightto win the contestto wake up earlySlide10
4: Noun Phrases
Adjective
+
Noun
= Noun Phrase
The
tall
buildingA smoky, crowded roomScreaming, half-naked toddlersNests of yellow and red striped snakesSlide11
Now for a small warning…Slide12
One word can make phrases a little tricky:
toSlide13
The tricky “to”
The word “
to
” is found in
BOTH
prepositional
and infinitive phrases Slide14
CAUTION--Don’t mix these up!
to
the
football stadium
(prepositional)
to the teacher (prepositional)to run a mileto finish
my homework
Prepositional Phrases:
Infinitive Phrases: Slide15
Clauses:
3 types
Have BOTH
Subject
&
VerbSlide16
Independent Clause(aka:
SENTENCE
or
MAIN
CLAUSE
)Clause #1: Slide17
Independent Clause
Independent clauses
have a
subject
&
verb and can stand alone.Examples:The doctor finished the examination. Students leave campus after class. Slide18
dependent Clause(aka:
the
”
Cliffhanger
”
)Clause #2: Slide19
Dependent Clause
Dependent clauses have
subjects
&
verbs
,
but they cannot stand
aloneSlide20
Dependent Clause
Dependent clauses usually begin with subordinating conjunctions such as
although, because, when, since, if, unless…
Examples:
Because
I
left earlyIf we find my notebookSubordinating conjunction subject verb…Slide21
Dependent Clauses
Dependent clauses require a complete thought to make them complete…
Written alone, dependent clauses
create suspense
for what’s to come…like a “
cliffhanger
”:Slide22
Dependent Clauses
Example of a dependent clause:
Because
a
rattlesnake
has made
a home under our bed…Slide23
Dependent Clauses
Dependent clauses often begin or end sentences:
Because
a
rattlesnake
has made
a home under our bed… (dependent clause)+We purchased a mongoose to sleep with us. (sentence/main clause)Slide24
Dependent Clauses
Because
a
rattlesnake
has made
a home under our bed, we purchased a mongoose to sleep with us. Slide25
Dependent Clauses
We purchased a mongoose to sleep with us
b
ecause
a
rattlesnake
has made a home under our bed. Slide26
Examples of
Dependent Clauses
Although
I
spent
three hours studying, Because the children had hidden the key, (Note how each of these requires something to follow it.) Slide27
Examples of
Dependent Clauses
If
students
sign up
early,Unless the weather prevents travel, When everyone finished dinner, (Note how each of these requires something to follow it.) Slide28
Examples of
Dependent Clauses
After
the
schedule
is published
, Before a hurricane hits an area, (Note how each of these requires something to follow it.) Slide29
Relative Clause
(
who, Which, That
)
Clause #3: Slide30
Relative Clauses
Relative clauses are easy to recognize.
They begin with
WHO
,
WHICH
, or
THAT. Slide31
Relative Clauses
They
are
not questions
, but part of sentences.
Slide32
Relative Clauses
Examples
:
Martin,
who usually finishes first
, was unable to beat my record.
Pasta,
which used to be included in most diets, has been replaced by high-protein foods.Toys that the dog chewed up must be thrown away. Slide33
Now for another small warning…Slide34
2 words can make clauses a little tricky:
Before
AfterSlide35
CAUTION--Don’t mix these up!
before
and
after
can appear in either
prepositional phrases
or dependent clauses. Slide36
CAUTION--Don’t mix these up!
Prepositional phrases:
after
the storm
before the alarmafter lunchbefore my napafter workbefore the holidaySlide37
CAUTION--Don’t mix these up!
Dependent
clauses:
after
the
storm endedbefore the alarm rangafter we left workbefore the doctor arrivedafter I received your callbefore
the
judge
makes
his rulingSlide38
Phrase & Clause ReviewSlide39
Phrase & Clause Review
Q:
What is the
main difference
between phrases & clauses? Slide40
Phrase & Clause Review
Answer:
Phrases
do not
have both a
subject
and a verb…Clauses have both a subject and a verb.Slide41
Phrase Review
Prepositional:
above
the clouds
near
my house
along the shoreSlide42
Phrase Review
Participial
:
leaving
work early
sleeping
until noon celebrating the holidaysfilled with liquid Slide43
Phrase Review
Infinitive:
to
walk
the dog
to
play the piano to watch our favorite TV showSlide44
Phrase Review
Noun Phrases:
a
blue
glass
fifty wild iguanasa comfortable bedSlide45
Clause Review
Independent/Main Clause:
(
Sentence
)
Broccoli is my favorite food.
Slide46
Clause Review
Dependent Clause
:
Because
broccoli
is my favorite foodClause ReviewSlide47
Clause Review
Relative Clause:
which
is my favorite foodSlide48
Be sure to know your phrases & clauses!
End of presentation.