Problems and Trends of Development Georgian case Giorgi Nabakhtiani GeorgianGerman Science Bridge Workshop 612July Tbilisi Georgia IAEA definitions Radioactive waste Radioactive material for which no further use is foreseen ID: 475112
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Radioactive Waste ManagementProblems and Trends of Development(Georgian case)
Giorgi Nabakhtiani
Georgian-German Science Bridge, Workshop 6-12July, Tbilisi, GeorgiaSlide2
(IAEA definitions)
Radioactive waste:
Radioactive material for which no further use is foreseen
Radioactive waste
manegement
:
All administrative and operational activities involved in the handling, pretreatment, treatment, conditioning, transport, storage and disposal ofradioactive waste.
Introduction
Georgian-German Science Bridge, Workshop 6-12July, Tbilisi, GeorgiaSlide3
Introduction
Georgian-German Science Bridge, Workshop 6-12July, Tbilisi, GeorgiaSlide4
9 basic principles are defined by IAEA (111-F):1. Protection of human health2. Protection of the environment3. Protection beyond the national borders4. Protection of future generations
5. Burdens of future generations6. National legal framework7. Control of radioactive waste generation8. Radioactive waste generational and management interdependence9. Safety of facilities
Management Principles
Georgian-German Science Bridge, Workshop 6-12July, Tbilisi, GeorgiaSlide5
Waste management system should contain:1. Legal basement – Laws and regulations defining main requirements for safe handling with radioactive waste;2. Administrative structure – Governmental institutions (Regulatory body, Radioactive Waste Management Agency and others), which conduct state regulation and handling with radioactive waste;3. Infrastructure for handling with radioactive waste - Facilities (storage facility, disposal and others) and means, using of what handling with radioactive waste should be conducted;4. Financial system – financial mechanism for handling with radioactive waste
Waste Management
Georgian-German Science Bridge, Workshop 6-12July, Tbilisi, GeorgiaSlide6
Georgian Reality:1. Legal BasementOnly some requirements are adopted. The whole system should be established 2. Administrative StructuresGeorgian Ministry of Environment and Natural Resources Protection through its Department for Nuclear and radiation Safety (Georgian Law “On Nuclear and Radiation Safety art. 6) acts as a Regulatory body. The main task is establishment of Radioactive Waste Management Agency which on behalf of state should conduct radioactive waste management within whole country.
Waste Management
Georgian-German Science Bridge, Workshop 6-12July, Tbilisi, GeorgiaSlide7
3. Infrastructure for handling with radioactive waste CSF is under operation (some addition improving of safety system components is desired). Closed near surface disposal is also existed. Is possible or not to use (and how) the disposal site for further disposing - the answer can be obtained based on the results of G.4.01.09 projectIt is taken the first step within IAEA project GEO/9/011 to establish simple radioactive waste processing facility at the CSF. 4.Financial system The system is not defined well. Financial support is provided by the state.
Waste Management
Georgian-German Science Bridge, Workshop 6-12July, Tbilisi, GeorgiaSlide8
- Types of radioactive waste:Legacy waste (Disused Sealed Radioactive Sources), reactor decommissioning waste, NORM, medical waste- Ways for waste generations:1. Demolition of large facilities (Such as nuclear reactor)2. Renovation of the disposal site (some radioactive waste probably should be retrieved and reprocessed)3. Generation of new waste due to developing of industry and medical application of radioactive sources.4. Generation of secondary radioactive waste
Waste Management
Georgian-German Science Bridge, Workshop 6-12July, Tbilisi, GeorgiaSlide9
Waste Management
Georgian-German Science Bridge, Workshop 6-12July, Tbilisi, GeorgiaSlide10
Whole process for handling with radioactive waste can be divided into three main phases:1. Establishment of national system for radioactive waste management (elaboration of legal basement, establishment of radioactive waste management agency)2. Predisposal activity (processing of the waste, preparation of the disposal)3. Disposing.
Waste
Management
Georgian-German Science Bridge, Workshop 6-12July, Tbilisi, GeorgiaSlide11
During the waste handling the following actions should be considered:
a) Openness;b) Involvement of stakeholders;
c) A deliberative and accessible process;d) Provision of adequate time for the resolution of issues;e) Final disposal is regarded as the ultimate step in the radioactive waste management process;
f) The aim shall be to achieve a maximum degree of passive safety in storage facility and disposal;
Waste ManagementGeorgian-German Science Bridge, Workshop 6-12July, Tbilisi, GeorgiaSlide12
h) The following hierarchy of waste management options shall be followed where practicable:
h.a) Avoidance and minimization of waste trough:h.b) Re-use, reprocessing and recycling; h.c) Storage; h.d) Conditioning and disposal. i) The national radioactive waste management strategy shall cover the total life cycle of waste management – generation to institutional control;j) The competent regulatory body must specify the period for which an active institutional control may be assumed for purposes of safety assessments.
Waste
Management
Georgian-German Science Bridge, Workshop 6-12July, Tbilisi, GeorgiaSlide13
k) The transfer of waste among generators shall be considered provided all issues pertaining to ownership and liability and safety are addressed.
l) To minimize the burden on future generations, decommissioning and closure of facilities should be implemented as soon as practicable. m) The deliberate dilution of radioactive waste is not acceptable, however in the case of NORM waste the dilution of higher concentration material with lower concentration material will be considered provided all relevant regulatory concerns are addressed.
Waste
Management
Georgian-German Science Bridge, Workshop 6-12July, Tbilisi, GeorgiaSlide14
GSG-1
Classification
Georgian-German Science Bridge, Workshop 6-12July, Tbilisi, GeorgiaSlide15
Classification
Georgian-German Science Bridge, Workshop 6-12July, Tbilisi, GeorgiaSlide16
Waste Framework
Georgian-German Science Bridge, Workshop 6-12July, Tbilisi, Georgia
Radioactive waste stream
End point
Long term Storage (*)
Decay
Storage
Surface trench
Tailing drum
Engineering surface facility
Intermediate depth facility
Geological disposal
BOSS
VSLV
Low volume
NR
++
+
+
+
NR
NR
NR
Large volume
NR
++
+
+
NR
NR
NR
NT
VLLV
Low volume
NR
N
++
++
+
NR
NT
NR
Large volume
NR
N
++
++
+
NR
NT
NT
LLW
Low volume
+
N
+
+
++
++
+
+
Large volume
+
N
NR
NR
++
++
+
NT
ILW
Low volume
+
N
N
N
N
++
++
+
Large volume
+
N
N
N
N
N
++
N
DSRS
Short lived
+
+
+
NR
++
+
NR
+Long lived+NNN+++++++SHARS+NNNN++++++NORMLow volumeNRN++++++NRNRLarge volumeNRN+++NRNRNRNT
(*) – Long-term storage is an end point only for radioactive waste stored for decay; otherwise it must be followed by disposal option.
+ - Acceptable solution
++ - Preferable solution
N - Not possible for safety reason
NT - Not possible for technical reason
NR - Possible but not recommended for technical or economic reason
BOSS -Borehole disposal facility
SHARS –Spent sealed high radioactive sourcesSlide17
Main taskEstablishment of Radioactive Waste Management Agency (RWMA) being under the charge to operate all waste management facilities on behalf of the state
Two options:1. RWMA under some ministry2. Transfer of RWMA function to Applied Research Center of the Institute of Physics as operator of CSF
Problems
Georgian-German Science Bridge, Workshop 6-12July, Tbilisi, GeorgiaSlide18
Brief anallyze:The fitrst option
Pros: The agency is comparably independence and focused on its activityCons: Problems with qualified specialist and high cost for equipmentThe second option Pros: Qualified personnel. the possibility to use technical base of the Institute of Physics (IoP) (Dosimeters, laboratories, hot cells, workshops for creation of technical means and others). All of these sufficiently increases the safety level and decreases the cost for RWMA operation. It meets IAEA requirement: “Ensuring that staff are trained, qualified and competent”…) Cons: Subordination to Ministry of Education and sciences
Problems
Georgian-German Science Bridge, Workshop 6-12July, Tbilisi, GeorgiaSlide19
Brief anallyze:The fitrst option
Pros: The agency is comparably independence and focused on its activityCons: Problems with qualified specialist and high cost for equipmentThe second option Pros: Qualified personnel. the possibility to use technical base of the Institute of Physics (IoP) (Dosimeters, laboratories, hot cells, workshops for creation of technical means and others). All of these sufficiently increases the safety level and decreases the cost for RWMA operation. It meets IAEA requirement: “Ensuring that staff are trained, qualified and competent”…) Cons: Subordination to Ministry of Education and sciences
Problems
Georgian-German Science Bridge, Workshop 6-12July, Tbilisi, GeorgiaSlide20
Financial supportTwo options:1.satet budget2. Establishment of radioactive waste insurance foundation.
The first option:Pros: Payment is correctly defined considered chemical-physical characteristic of the wasteCons: Payment can be very high and difficult for to conduct for some small enterprises.The second option:Pros: Payment is not very high and periodically collected form waste potential producersCons: Waste generating organization can be assigned as bankrupt. Payment is not strictly corresponded to the waste volume
Problems
Georgian-German Science Bridge, Workshop 6-12July, Tbilisi, GeorgiaSlide21
Questions?
Thanks for attention