Vaccinium macrocarpon Brandon Schlautman What is a species Domain Eukarya Kingdom Plantae Phylum Magnoliophyta Class Magnoliopsida Order Ericales Family Ericaceae Is a member of the ID: 195127
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Slide1
Speciation of the American Cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon)
Brandon SchlautmanSlide2
What is a species?
Domain- EukaryaKingdom- Plantae
Phylum- MagnoliophytaClass- MagnoliopsidaOrder-
Ericales
Family-
Ericaceae
Is a member of the
heath
family.
Genus-
Vaccinium
Is a member of the blueberry genus.
Species-
Vaccinium
macrocarpon
Ait
.Slide3
Cranberry Morphology/AdaptationsSmall vining shrub, forms dense mats in bog areasSlide4
Cranberry Morphology/AdaptationsExtensive rhizomes, asexual reproduction
Self-incompatibleFlowers look like a crane’s head and neckSlide5
Cranberry Morphology/AdaptationsYellow/red false berries
Fruits contain loculesFruits are very hardySlide6
Vaccinium Phylogeny
Phylogenetic tree - a branching diagram revealing the
evolutionary relationships among various biological species based upon similarities and differences in their physical and/or genetic characteristics.Slide7
Vaccinium genus: some members
V.
angustifoliumLowbush
Blueberry
V.
corymbosum
Highbush
Blueberry
V.
vitis-idaea
Lignonberry
V.
myrtillus
Bilberry
V.
ovatum
Huckleberry
V.
darrowiiSlide8
Subgenus: Oxycoccos
Sect. Oxycoccus Vaccinium
macrocarpon – American CranberryVaccinium microcarpum – Small CranberryVaccinium
oxycoccos
– Common
Cranberry
Sect.
Oxycoccoides
Vaccinium
erythrocarpus
–
Southern Mountain
Cranberry
V.
macrocarpon
V.
microcarpum
V.
oxycoccos
V.
erythrocarpumSlide9
Vaccinium hypothesis for ClassSlide10
How does evolution fit in this picture?
Basic definition of evolution: A genetic change in a population over time.Main objective: What evolutionary forces and/or types of selection were acting upon
Vaccinium subgenus oxycoccos which caused it to split (i.e. speciate) into three or more distinct species?Further objective: Are there really three species, and should the
oxycoccos
subgenus exist?Slide11
Speciation- a lineage-splitting event that produces two or more separate species
Allopatric Speciation- Speciation occurring in an alternate locationGeographic barriers to reproductionSympatric Speciation- Speciation occurring in same location
Barriers to reproduction in same geographic areaEx) chromosome duplication/polyploidySlide12
Selection’s Role in SpeciationNatural Selection-
gradual random process which causes biological traits to become more or less common in a populationSurvival of the fittest
Artificial Selection- Human mediated selection, agricultureSlide13
Oxycoccus Geographic Distribution
V.
macrocarpon
V.
oxycoccus
4N
V.
oxycoccus
2N
V.
microcarpum
V.
erythrocarpusSlide14
Following Speciation: Genetic Fingerprints
Microsatellites (SSRs)- Short Sequence RepeatsEx) 5’-AGAGAGAGAGAGAGAGAGAGAGAGAGAGAG-3’
vs. 5’-AGAGAGAGAGAGAGAGAGAGAGAGAG-3’By tracking changes in genetic sequences (SSRs), we can follow the genetic change in populations overtime (i.e. Evolution!)Slide15
Chloroplast Data Example
Why Chloroplast DNAMaternally inherited –only one copy per plant (i.e. every plant is a homozygote)Small size-110,000 bp
vs. 550,000,000bp nuclear genomeMinimal variationSlide16
Revised Vaccinium Genetic TheorySlide17
Gentic Theory and Distribution
V.erythrocarpus
- Likely Allopatric Speciation- isolated in
Appalacian
Mountains
V.
Oxycoccus
4N- Sympatric Speciation- Reproductive barrier due to polyploidy
V.
Oxycoccus
2N- Allopatric
Speciaion
– geographic isolation
V.
Macrocarpon
2N- Allopatric Speciation – geographic isolation Slide18
Current Vaccinium Migration Hypothesis based on Morphology
Blueberries
Cranberries
Can we prove or disprove this hypothesis using genetic tools?