The advent of the individual - PowerPoint Presentation

Slide1

The advent of the individual

Renaissance and ReformationSlide2

Corporate Identify v. Individual Identity

During the Middle Ages, people identified with groups

People almost always defined themselves by their family, congregation, profession or community

During the Renaissance the notion of the individual developed

People still identified with groups, but also began to see themselves as individuals – separate and apart from larger groups

Our society is a product of the RenaissanceSlide3

Individual Identity

Individual Identity derived from…

Growing Commercial Classes, especially in Italy

These

Merchants were often

VERY

wealthy, often more wealthy than the local lords

Growing emphasis on education

Wealthy merchants often used their wealth to educate their children

The Commercial class often became far more educated than the local

lords

W

ealth and Education could be acquired through hard work and a certain merit, not just through inheritance

Thus the individual (who could earn wealth and education) mattered!Slide4

Humanism

Petrarch

(1304-1374) is

often identified as the founder of

Humanism

Petrarch argued that God endowed man with abilities and talents and that Man must seek to make the most of these. God’s greatest achievement was Man and thus Man and his accomplishments must be celebrated

.Slide5

Christian or Northern Humanism

Erasmus is often identified as the founder of Christian

Humanism

Erasmus argued that Man’s abilities and talents must be used to make a more perfect Christian World, a world where Church and Government act in the interest of Man and in accordance with the Will of God

.

Petrarch argued that individuals must use their individual abilities to help create this perfect Christian WorldSlide6

Problems Developed in the Church

Questions about authority

Who should govern the Church – Popes or Councils of

Bishops?

The

Great

Schism

was resolved by Council and the Power of Popes was

tarnished

Papal Worldliness

Popes seemed more concerned with money, art, fame, war, sex, etc. than faith, salvation or the Church itself

Simony

Buying and selling of Church offices – a bishopric would go to the highest bidder, not the most qualified

candidateSlide7

More Problems

Absenteeism

Bishops often held more than one Bishopric and sometimes didn’t show up for

work

Priestly

Professionalism

Priests who were illiterate. Priests who were sinners (openly and repeatedly)

Indulgences

Buying and selling of salvation – Church officials were asking for money and promising

salvation

The worst abuses were practiced in Germany (Johan Tetzel)Slide8

Martin Luther Developed New Ideas…

Justification by Faith

Alone

Catholics

said faith and good works were needed for

salvation

Luther said that people could not be saved by doing good

deeds but instead

needed only faith

to be saved

Scriptural

Ascendancy

Catholics said scripture and tradition are valid sources of religious knowledge

Luther said scripture alone was the source of religious knowledge

Priesthood of All

Believers

Catholics said priests were set apart form lay people and had special religious powers

Luther said all believers were equal;

none had more

piety or powerSlide9

Christianity Family TreeSlide10
Slide11

World religion Family TreeSlide12

Denominational Differences

Faith

How do I gain salvation?

How do I know the will of God?

What is the nature of the Priesthood?

Who controls the Church?

What are the Holy Sacraments?

What is the Holy Eucharist?

Roman Catholic Church

By faith and good works

By scripture, Papal wisdom and the traditions of the faith

 They are select individuals, set apart, they are a medium between God and common people The hierarchy of the Church, including Arch Bishops and Bishops, headed by the Pope in Rome Baptism,Confirmation,Communion,Reconciliation,Marriage,Holy Orders,Last Rites It is a Miracle where the bread offered becomes the physical body of Christ and the Wine offered becomes the physical blood of Christ, as God is present throughout, adoration is appropriate  Anglican Churches By faith and good works By scripture and the traditions of the faith They are select individuals, set apart, they may act as a medium between God and common people The hierarchy of the Churches, including Arch Bishops and Bishops  Baptism,Confirmation,Communion,Reconciliation,Marriage,Holy Orders,Last Rites It is symbolic, it means thanksgiving and represents the Last Supper (Passover seder) shared between Jesus and his apostles, although God is present at the conclusion of the ritual  Protestant Churches By faith alone By scripture alone All believers may act as leaders of worship, they are not set apart Local congregations Baptism,Communion It is symbolic, it means thanksgiving and represents the Last Supper (Passover seder) shared between Jesus and his apostles.  Orthodox Churches By faith and good works By scripture and the traditions of the faith They are select individuals, set apart, they are a medium between God and common people The hierarchy of the Churches, including Arch Bishops and Bishops Baptism,Confirmation,Holy Eucharist,Reconciliation,Marriage,Holy Orders,Last Rites also other uncountable mysteries  It is a Miracle where the bread offered becomes the physical body of Christ and the Wine offered becomes the physical blood of Christ, but adoration is not encouraged, instead pious silence is expectedSlide13

Largest denominations by CountySlide14

Potential Test Questions…

What is Humanism?

How were Renaissance paintings different from earlier medieval paintings

?

What six problems emerged in the Church?

What were

the key ideas developed by Martin Luther

?

What was one way the Renaissance expressed individualism?

What was one way the Reformation expressed individualism?