BACKGROUNDCellular Respiration Oxygen is used by cells Oxygen is needed to convert glucose to ATP Carbon dioxide is a waste product Body cells die if respiration fails FUNCTIONS Supplies body with oxygen and removes carbon dioxide ID: 1047582
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1. RESPIRATORY SYTEM Anatomy & Physiology
2. BACKGROUND-Cellular RespirationOxygen is used by cellsOxygen is needed to convert glucose to ATPCarbon dioxide is a waste productBody cells die if respiration fails
3. FUNCTIONSSupplies body with oxygen and removes carbon dioxideFilters, warms, and humidifies airHelps with producing soundRegulates blood pH
4. DIVISIONS OF THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM Upper respiratory tract Nose/nasal Cavitysinuses/pharynx/larynxLower respiratory tractTrachea/bronchial tree/lungs
5. STRUCTURES/ORGANSConducting Zone- passages that let air inRespiratory Zone- gas exchange Larynx- voice box; made of cartilagefalse and true vocal cords attached to hyoid boneSpeechBreathing airwaySwitching mechanism for food and air→ epiglottis
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7. Structures/organsTrachea- windpipe; smooth cartilage with C shaped rings that divides into 2 bronchi; flexible but does not collapse despite pressure changes Bronchi- tubes enter lungs; branch into microscopic alveolar ducts that end in sacsLungs- extend from diaphragm to clavicle; lobes (2 left lobs and 3 right lobes)Alveoli- site of gas exchange
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9. STRUCTURES/ORGANSNose- airway; moisten and warms air; filters; resonating chamber for speech; olfactory receptors; nasal cavity=floor=palate (anterior is hard and posterior is soft)Paranasal sinus- open into nasal; lighten the skullinfection=sinusitis Pharynx- throat; houses tonsils3 parts (naso,oro,laryngo) uvula closes nasopharynx (no food in the nose)
10. RESPIRATORY MUCOSAGoblet cells Secrete mucuswatery fluid with lysozymeSProduce about a quart a day of liquid with Cell debris
11. GAS EXCHANGEAir fills alveoli and accounts for most of the lung volume (1500 sq feet)Wall of alveoli→ 2 cellS thick (thinner than tissue paper); external wall is covered with cobweb of capillaries
12. GAS EXCHANGE pt. 2 air/blood barrier- gas exchange; oxygen diffuses from air in alveoli to blood in capillaries; carbon dioxide diffuses from blood (capillaries) into alveoli Moves from a high to low concentration through diffusion
13. RESPIRATION INCLUDES:Pulmonary ventilation- replaces gasesExternal respiration- gas exchange in the lungsTransport- gases by the blood and heartInternal respiration- gas exchange into the tissues
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15. VENTILATIONBreathing is pulmonary ventilation 2 phasesInspiration- inhalation of air/air goes inDiaphragm flattens when contracted (high height of thoracic cavity)Intercostal muscles contract to raise the ribs (increases circumference of the thoracic cavity, keeps thorax stiff so sides don’t collapse)
16. VENTILATION pt. 2 Expiration- exhalation of air/air goes outRib cage drops under the force of gravityRelaxed diaphragm → moves up (curved shape)Volume decreases which increases the pressure
17. Ventilation pt. 3 Mechanical forces causes movement of airGases flow from high to low pressureDiaphragm and intercostal muscles accomplish this Pressure is established by changes in the thoracic cavityHigh (size) thorax → low pressure = air moves inLow (size) thorax → high pressure = air moves out
18. VOLUMES OF AIR EXCHANGEVital capacity: largest volume of air a person can move in and outDepends on the size of the cavity, posture, diseases/condition