the Netherlands CPB Annemiek Verrips Willemijn Weijschede Peter Zwaneveld Arne Brouwers PBL Hans Hilbers Jordy van Meerkerk CPB Netherlands Bureau for Economic Policy Analysis ID: 1044753
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1. SCBA road pricing in the NetherlandsCPB: Annemiek Verrips Willemijn Weijschede Peter Zwaneveld Arne BrouwersPBL: Hans Hilbers Jordy van Meerkerk CPB Netherlands Bureau for Economic Policy Analysis 29-09-2015 | Jordy van Meerkerk
2. SCBA of road pricingWhy?Political parties consider road pricing as an important instrument to improve accessibilityEuropean Commission actively supports road pricing policiesMost recent CBA in the Netherlands dates from 2007Congestion has decreasedVehicles more efficientNew pricing systemsNew version of the Dutch National Transport Model2
3. 3Pricing policies consideredFlat rate charged on all roads 7 ct/kmCongestion charge 11 ct/km on highly congested roadsFlat rate (7 ct) and congestion charge (11 ct)Flat rate during peak-hours central Netherlands 5 ct/km
4. Pricing systemsBox with GPS functionOdometerSimple box Registration via the vehicle registration/number plateDSRC system (with a tag in the car)Smart vignette
5. AssumptionsBaseline scenario: no additional road capacityPricing policies apply to all passenger vehicles from 2020-2050Dutch drivers are compensated with a reduction in existing car taxes5
6. Baseline: two socio-economic long-term scenario’sGlobal Economy (GE)High economic growthLarge populationRegional Communities (RC)Low economic growthSmall population
7. Baseline: Car use and congestion
8. Traffic implications in 2020
9. 9Social Costs & Social BenefitsDrop in demandLess tax revenues (excise duties)Indirect effects (agglomeration economies)Time administrationTravel time & reliabilityExternal effects (air, noise, safety)Indirect effects (agglomeration economies)Road maintenanceMore profitable PT exploitation (less subsidy)
10. 10
11. RC-scenario Congestion chargePeak-hour chargeFlat rate all roadsFlat rate & congestion chargeBenefits +3.4 +3.0 +11.8+13.4Costs-1.1-2.2-18.1-18.3System costs-1.3-1.6-2.5-3.8Net effect+1.0-0.8-8.9-8.811 GE-scenario Congestion chargePeak-hour chargeFlat rate all roadsFlat rate & congestion charge Benefits+7.9+5.4 +24.4+28.8Costs-1.7-2.0-17.3-17.0System costs-1.5-1.6-3.3-4.7Net effect+4.7+1.8+3.7+6.9
12. Additional Findings: Differentiated congestion charge
13. Additional Findings: Different height of the flat rate
14. Other FindingsPostponement improves the resultsPricing together with infrastructure investments lead to a lower impact
15. ConclusionsCongestion charge socially beneficial at both high and low economic growth, but difficult to implementA more standard peak-hour charge only beneficial at high economic growthA flat rate is only profitable if the levels of congestion are more than double the current levels in the NetherlandsPlace/time differentiated rates improves the resultsPostponement improves the results15