HSP3U Psychology Unit Phineas Gages Brain Injury Forebrain and hindbrain Beneath the cerebrum The Brain Stem The Brain Stem Hindbrain Function Action fight or flight response ID: 910406
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Slide1
The Brain: Anatomy & Function
HSP3U
Psychology
Unit
Slide2Phineas Gage's Brain Injury
Slide3Forebrain and hindbrain…
Slide4Beneath the cerebrum…
Slide5The
Brain Stem
Slide6The
Brain
Stem (Hindbrain)
Function
Action
fight or flight response
Instinct aggression & territoriality
Rhythms of life heartbeat, respiration, hunger & thirst
Slide7The Cerebellum (Hindbrain)
Cerebellum
Slide8The Cerebellum (Hindbrain)
Evolution
Present in all species with a brain
Function
Coordinates muscle movement and allows for smooth, precise, timed actions like walking and talking
Slide9Limbic System (Hindbrain)
Made up of a series of key parts
Slide10Limbic System
Evolution
Mammalian brain
Slide11Limbic System
Function
Emotional responses
Care of young
Slide12Slide13a) Thalamus
Function
Relay station
sends sensory information to the cerebral cortex
P
rocessor
Slide14b) Hypothalamus
Function
Regulates body temperature, food intake, thirst, sleep, emotional responses
Regulates physical needs
Originally thought to be the pleasure center (as in the experiment in the next slide)
Now thought to be the “seeking”
centre
, not pleasure at all
Slide15Olds & Milner, 1951 “Pleasure Center” study
Slide16VMH Rat
Slide17Slide18c) Hippocampus
Function
Memory
Proximity to olfactory bulbs (smell)
Strong association between smell and memory
Slide19d) Amygdala
Function
Integrates basic emotional states and sensory inputs
Matches sensation to emotion and memory
Example: sound of predators = fear
Evolutionary advantage
Slide20…to light up our amygdalas…
Slide21Cerebral
Cortex
Evolution
Primate brain
Function
Critical analysis, conscious mind, reason
Enables flexibility: context-dependent thinking
Folds increase the surface area of the brain
More folds = more complex brain
Slide22Cerebral Cortex
Frontal lobes (which includes orbital part)
Personality, social behaviour, decision making
Develops last; fully developed by 25-30 years
old
Parietal lobes
Integrating sensory input with vision
Sense of
touch
Temporal lobes
Hearing, memory, language &
learning
Occipital lobe
Vision
Slide23Frontal Lobe
Frontal lobotomy
Removing portions to treat bipolar disorder, mood disorders, and chronic pain
Ineffective as a therapeutic procedure
Slide24Slide25Cerebral Hemispheres
Connected by corpus callosum
Each hemisphere is basically responsible for the opposite side of the body
Slide26Cerebral Hemispheres
Treating patients with epilepsy by separating the hemispheres
Could live day-to-day
life mostly as normal
Slide27Split Hemisphere (Split Brain)
Slide28Split-brain - stranger and stranger…