Bones How many??? 206 BONES - PowerPoint Presentation

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Bones

How many???

206

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BONES

3 PRIMARY FUNCTIONS

Protect vital organs/structures from trauma

Create movement

Bones are metabolically active: produce blood cells & store minerals.

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BONES

Approximately 206 bones

Axial Skeleton

: cranium, spine, thorax,

Appendicular Skeleton

: extremities

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Types of Bones

Long

Short

Flat

Irregular

Sesamoids

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Long Bones

Tibia

Fibula

Humerus

Radius

UlnaPhalangesFemur: bone

in thigh is the largest and heaviest bone in body

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Short Bones

Carpals

Tarsals

Calcaneus (heel)

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Flat Bones

Skull

Ribs

Sternum

Hip (Ilium)

Scapula

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Irregular Bones

Vertebrae

Facial Bones

Clavicle

Pelvis

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ZYGOMATIC

NASAL

MANDIBLE

MAXILLA

Irregular Bones

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Irregular Bones

clavicle

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Sesamoid

Embedded in the tendon

Can be referred to as a “floating” bone

Patella and in the ball of each foot.

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The patella is embedded in the tendon of the quadriceps

This sesamoid protects the knee joint

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Warning…graphic!!

video of patella dislocation

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The patella also gives

leverage to the quads,

giving the athlete more

Power!!!

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These sesamoids are located on under side of the big toe

They absorb pressure under foot

Provide a leverage point for toe flexors

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Bones

Epiphysis

: (growth plate) end of each bone & this is where growth takes place

Bones often fracture at the ends of the Growth Plate.

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Cartilage

Hyaline

(or articular) cartilage covers the ends of long bones & found in between bones

Functions:

Joins structures together (Ribs/sternum)

Absorbs shock

Permits smooth bone movement

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Cartilage

Fibrous

cartilage makes up the disks between your vertebrae

Makes up the meniscus in your knee

Function

Absorb shockProvide joint stability

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Muscles/Tendons/Ligaments

Ligament

: strong band of fiber that connects bone to bone.

Tendon

: strong band of fiber that connects bone to muscle.

Connective Tissue: spindle shaped cells that support/bind other tissues.

Muscle Contractions

Functions:

Allow body to accelerate

Allow body to decelerate

Stop movement

Maintain normal posture.

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Patellar Tendon

(bone to muscle)

Ligaments of the Knee

(bone to bone)

Victor Cruz: torn patellar tendon

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Classification of Joints

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Joints

Amphiarthrodial (cartilaginous)

Limited movement

Synarthrodial (fibrous)

immovable

Diarthrodial (synovial)Moveable

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Amphiarthrodial Joints

Also known as:

Cartilaginous Joints

They have cartilage attaching bones together

Example

: Ribs joining the Sternum

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Synarthrodial Joints

Also called:

Fibrous Joints

Held together by tough connective tissue/basically immovable

Examples

: Skull & Tibia/Fibula of lower leg

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Diarthrodial Joint

(Synovial Joint)

They have a great deal of mobility & consist of:

Joint capsule

: sleeve like ligament that surrounds joint

Synovial Membrane

: slick lining on inside of capsule

Hyaline Cartilage

: thin layer of cushioning on ends of bones

Ligaments

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Types of Synovial Joints

Gliding

Hinge

Pivot

Condyloid

/EllipsoidalSaddleBall & Socket

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Gliding Synovial

Carpals & Tarsals

Flat or slightly curved surfaces

Slide on different planes

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Hinge Synovial

Elbow, knee, & IP (interphalangeal)

Flexion/extension on 1 plane

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Pivot Synovial

Radius/Ulna

Rotation/Supination &

Pronation

1

st & 2nd Cervical Vertebrae

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Condyloid/Ellipsoidal

Radius & Carpal

Radial/Ulnar Deviation

Carpal & Phalanges

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Saddle Synovial Joint

Carpometacarpal Joint

Thumb

Flexion/Extension

AB/

ADductionOpposition/Reposition

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Ball & Socket

Shoulder & Hip

Flexion/Extension

AB/

ADduction

Rotation/CircumductionMedial/Lateral

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