catherine hartnett The Immune System Concept 431 In innate immunity recognition and response rely on shared traits of pathogens Introductory Video httpwwwcleanvideosearchcommediaactionytwatchvNw27jMWw10 ID: 1032774
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1. Dion KevinLuke LearyRachael-catherine hartnettThe Immune SystemConcept 43.1- In innate immunity, recognition and response rely on shared traits of pathogens
2. Introductory Videohttp://www.cleanvideosearch.com/media/action/yt/watch?v=Nw27_jMWw10
3. OverviewPathogens- infectious agents that cause diseaseEx: viruses, bacteria, protists, and fungiImmune system- the defenses which enable an animal to avoid or limit many infectionsInnate immunity- the immediate and undifferentiated immune response in animalsAcquired immunity- immune responses which are specific to pathogens which have already been introduced
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5. Innate immunity of InvertebratesInsects rely on the chitin in their exoskeletons as well as in their intestines for the first line of defenseLysozyme, an enzyme that digests microbial cell walls, as well as low pH in digestive system aid in the first line of defenseHemocytes, immune cells in insect blood (hemolymph), carry out phagocytosisOther hemocytes stimulate chemical production and antimicrobrial peptide production
6. Phagocytosis
7. Innate Immunity of Invertebrates cont.Antimicrobial peptides circulate and disrupt the membranes of fungi and bacteriaImmune response cells rely on identification of unique molecules on invader surface layersEx: pg 932
8. Innate Immunity of VertebratesBarrier defenses-Barrier defenses are the typical front line against pathogens.Skin, Mucous membranes, tears, etc. Beyond the role of blocking pathogens from the body many create a pathogen killing environment for toxins.
9. Innate Immunity Cont.Cellular Innate defensesToll-like receptors-recognizes molecule fragments of pathogensNeutrophils- phagocytic cells which engulf pathogensMacrophages- Large phagocytic cells which engulf pathogens efficiently. Most common in lymphatic organsEosinophils-fight multiple cell invaders such as parasites. Release enzymes to kill invaders Dendritic Cells-stimulate tissues to develop an acquired immunity
10. Innate immunity cont.Peptides and proteins work to fight and destroy pathogens.The body fights pathogens in many other ways such as through inflammation Natural Killer cells.
11. Innate Immune System Evasion by PathogensSeveral pathogens have developed certain mechanisms that allow them to avoid destruction by pathogenic cells.In order to do this, for example, the outer capsule that surrounds the bacteria hides the polysaccharides of their cell walls, which prevents recognition.However, for bacteria that are unable to avoid recognition, some develop resistanceto breakdown by lysosomes. An example of this is Tuberculosis(TB). Instead of being destroyed, microbes grow and reproduce, hidden from immune defenses of the body.