RADIOLOGY BONE DISEASE - PowerPoint Presentation

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RADIOLOGY BONE DISEASE

Imaging techniqueI.plain bone radiograph :Radiological X.ray sings of bone disease :1.decrease in bone density , it can be focal or generalized

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2-increase bone density ( sclerosis ) can also be focal or generalized

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3-periosteal

reaction

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4- cortical

thickening

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5. alteration in

trabecular pattern

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6- alteration in the shape of bone

e.g acromegaly 7- alteration in bone age II. U/S in musculoskeletal disease III. radionuclide bone scanning

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IV

. computed tomography in bone disease (CT scan ) :1.Demonestrating abnormality in the pelvis and spine 2.Demonstrating the extent & characterization of bone tumour in selected cases to complement MRI 3.As gide of bone biopsy

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V.MRI (magnetic resonance imaging in bone disease

):.demonstrate disc herniation and spinal cord or nerve root compression . to diagnose bone metastasis .show extent of primary bone tumor & demonstrate myloma & lymphoma . image soft tissue mass . to diagnose osteomylitis & show any soft tissue abnormality

. to diagnose a vascular necrosis & other joint pathology .

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Bone diseases

Solitary bone lesion are usually one of the following .bone tumor: malignant ( primary or secondary ) , benign . osteomyelitis . bone cyst, fibrous dysplasia or other non –neoplastic defects of bone . condition of uncertain nature such as langerhans histiocystosis

the initial radiological decision is usually to try &decide whether the solitary lesion is benign or its aggressive by looking for the following features on plain radiographs & CT

:

1.Zone

of

transition

2.The adjacent cortex

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3.Expansion

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4.Periosteal

reaction

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the causes of localized

peiosteal reactions adjacent to a lytic or sclerotic lesions are :.Osteomyelitis .Malignant bone tumour , particularly Ewing sarcoma & osteosarcoma.Occasionally metastasis , particularly neuroblastoma .

Langerhans histiocytosis

.Trauma

5.

Calcific

densities within the

lesion

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6. Soft tissue

swelling7.Site:The site of a lesion is most important as certain lesions tend to occur at certain sites.

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Bone

tumours Primary malignant tumours Osteosarcoma ( osteogenic sarcoma )

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Chondrosarcoma

:

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Ewing

sarcoma

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Giant cell

tumour

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Benign

tumour & tumour like condition Enchondromas :

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Fibrous cortical defects ( non ossifying

fibromas )

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A simple bone cyst

:

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Aneurysmal

bone cysts :

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Osteoid

osteoma :

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Eosinophilic

granuloma :