PPT-2 nd lecture: Gene structure

by Dr Susan A Ibrahim What is a gene A gene is a sequence of nucleotides in DNA that codes for a molecule that has a function During gene expression the DNA is first copied into RNA The RNA can be directly functional or be the intermediate template for a protein that performs a function The transmission of genes to an organisms offspring is the basis of the inheritance of phenotypic trait These genes make up different DNA sequences called genotypes Genotypes along with environmental and developmental factors determine what the phenotypes will be Most biological traits are under the influence of polygenes many different genes as well as geneenvironment interactions Some genetic traits are instantly visible such as eye color or number of limbs and some are not such as blood type risk for specific diseases or the thousands of basic biochemical processes that constitute life. Marcus Chibucos, Ph.D.. University of Maryland School of Medicine. June 2014. Overview & goals. Understand. 1. How we predict . presence & structure . of coding & non-coding genes in the genome. Rachel Simpson. ADSHE Conference June 2013. POSSIBLE CAUSES. Gaps in Knowledge. Poor teaching in previous institution. Insufficient application on previous courses. Illnesses or absences from school/college. Alexey Onufriev, . Virginia Tech. www.cs.vt.edu/~onufriev. Proteins play key roles in a living system. Three (out of many many) examples of protein functions. Catalysis:. Almost all chemical reactions in a living cell are catalyzed by protein enzymes.. Starting 19. th. century…. Cellular biology:. Cell as a fundamental building block. 1850s+: . ``DNA’’ was discovered by Friedrich Miescher and Richard Altmann. Mendel’s experiments with garden pea plants. Alexey Onufriev, . Virginia Tech. www.cs.vt.edu/~onufriev. Proteins play key roles in a living system. Three (out of many many) examples of protein functions. Catalysis:. Almost all chemical reactions in a living cell are catalyzed by protein enzymes.. 2. Terminology . Genome. – entire genetic material of an individual. Transcriptome. – set of transcribed sequences. Proteome. – set of proteins encoded by the genome. . Gene. * Basic . physical and functional units of heredity.. 7: . Chemical bonding. Lecture . 7 . Topics Brown, chapter 8. Basic . bonding background . information 8.1. Types of chemical bonds. Valence electrons & Lewis structures. The ‘Octet rule’ . Copyright 2016 by the Rector and Visitors of the University of Virginia Nucleus DNA RNA Cytoplasm Step 1 : Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is stored within the compartment of the cell called the nucleus. (Chapter 9). Presented by Dr. Laurie M. Erickson. Chair of the Department of Health Sciences. Blitstein Institute of Hebrew Theological College. Chicago, IL, USA.. Gene Expression can be Regulated.. Gene expression: . An imaginary overview . All information of our life is written in two Books . . Two set (23 Pairs) of Chromosomes . One of these Books of life is written by Father. Set of chromosomes (23) inherited from Father. . WS 2019/20 - lecture 16. 1. Bioinformatics III. What are . microRNAs. ?. How can one . identify. microRNAs?. What is the . function. of microRNAs?. Laird, Hum Mol Gen 14, R65 (2005). Huntzinger, Izaurralde, Nat. Rev. Genet. 12, 99 (2011). Ralf H. Adams,’ Kohji Sato,ls2 Shoichi Shimada, Masaya Tohyama,3 Andreas W. Piischel,’ and Heinrich Betzl ‘Abteilung Neurochemie, Max-Planck-lnstitut fijr Hirnforschung, D-60528 Frankf Proteins are biopolymers, made of the 20 L- . α. -amino acids linked by peptide bonds.. Polypeptide backbone is a repeating sequence of. . N-C-C-N-C-C…. The side chain or R group is not a part of the backbone or the peptide bond.. Julianne O’Daniel, MS, CGC. Joan Scott, MS, CGC. Elizabeth . Varga. , MS, CGC. VO Speights, DO. Erynn. Gordon, MS, CGC. March 2012. TRiG Curriculum: Lecture 4. 1. What will be the pathology report of the future?.