Rhys Thatcher Reader in Exercise Physiology The Heart Is the pump which propels blood around the body via the blood vessels Can be considered a muscle sac It is situated centrally in the thorax slightly to the left ID: 998256
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1. The Effect of Exercise on Blood PressureRhys ThatcherReader in Exercise Physiology
2. The HeartIs the pump which propels blood around the body via the blood vesselsCan be considered a muscle sacIt is situated centrally in the thorax, slightly to the leftWeighs less than a pound and is the size of a fistSurrounded by a double walled sac called the pericardium
3. The Heart WallThe heart comprises of a series of chambers and wallsThe walls are composed of three layersthe epicardium - the inner layer of the serous pericardiumthe myocardium - the muscle of the heart comprising of cardiac muscle forms the bulk of the heartthe endocardium - inner layer of the heart continuous with the inner layer of the great blood vessels
4. Heart ChambersFour chamberstwo atria - receive bloodtwo ventricles - discharge bloodRight sidereceives blood from the bodysends blood to the lungsLeft sidereceives blood from the lungssends blood to the body
5. Blood SupplyThe heart has its own blood supplyCoronary circulationRight and left coronary arteriesFed by the aortaAtherosclerotic plaques fur up the walls of the arteriesAngina pectoris - “choked chest”Myocardial infarction (MI) - heart attack
6. Blood VesselsBlood leaves the heart under pressure via arteriesBlood returns to the heart, under very little pressure via the veinsDrops off and picks up materials on route via capillariesClosed loop delivery systemStarts and ends at the heart100000 km of blood vessels in the human body
7. Blood PressureAs the ventricles of the heart contract blood is forced out, under pressure into the large arteriesThe pressure under which the blood is forced is transferred to the arterial wallsThis is termed blood pressure and is expressed in millimeters of mercury (mmHg)Two values are generally reported systolic, the active phase of the heart beat and diastolic when the heart is relaxed, during fillingHealthy value at rest 120 / 80
8. Blood pressure at different positions within the vascular system
9. Hypotension and HypertensionHypotension Low blood pressureHypertensionHigh blood pressureLinked to cardiovascular disease (CVD)
10. Percentage of Americans with high blood pressure by age
11. Blood Pressure During Exercise When we exercise the heart has to work harder to pump more blood to the active muscle, delivering oxygen and nutrients and removing by-productsTo increase the the blood pumped the heart will beat more rapidly and more forcefullyThis increases blood pressure
12. Blood pressure during different activities
13. Blood Pressure Following TrainingFor people with high blood pressure exercise can result in
14. Blood pressure changes in people with high BP following a nine-month training programme Following the training programme there was a one month detraining periodStable BP during three months before exercise programmeBP dropped within three months of starting the programmeStayed low for the nine months of the programmeWithin one month of stopping BP had gone back up