Purdue University Agricultural Safety and Health Program Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering West Lafayette IN This material was produced under grant number SH23575SH2 from the Occupational Safety and Health Administration US Department of Labor It does not necessa ID: 904798
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Title Page
Developed by:
Purdue UniversityAgricultural Safety and Health ProgramDepartment of Agricultural and Biological EngineeringWest Lafayette, INThis material was produced under grant number SH23575SH2 from the Occupational Safety and Health Administration, U.S. Department of Labor. It does not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the U.S. Department of Labor, nor does mention of trade names, commercial products, or organizations imply endorsements by the U.S. Government.
Basic First Responder Training
For Incidents Involving
Grain Storage and Handling Facilities
Unit 1 – Confined Spaces in Agriculture
Slide2Identify key terms related to agricultural confined spaces
Identify the typical types of confined spaces found in agricultural workplaces
Identify the hazards related to agricultural confined spaces
Review the Federal OSHA safety and health standards relevant to agricultural confined spacesExplain the difference between OSHA exempt and non-exempt confined spacesIdentify work practices that reduce the risk of agricultural confined space-related emergencies2Objectives
Slide3Any space found in an agricultural workplace that was not designed or intended as a regular workstation, has limited or restricted means of entry or exit, and has associated with it potential physical and/or toxic hazards to workers who intentionally or unintentionally enter the space.
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Agricultural Confined Space
Slide4A Confined Space:
is large enough for an employee to enter fully and perform assigned work
has a limited or restricted means of entry or exit
is not designed for continuous employee occupancy4Confined Space – OSHA Definition
Slide5A Permit-Required Confined Space
– has one or more of the following:
Contains or has the potential to contain a hazardous atmosphere
Contains a material with the potential to engulf someoneHas an internal configuration that might cause an entrant to be trapped or asphyxiated by inwardly converging walls or by a floor that slopes downward and tapers to a smaller cross sectionContains any other recognized serious safety or health concerns5
Permit Required Confined Space
OSHA Definition
Slide6Examples:
Grain bin
Silo
Manure storage facilitiesHopper bottom feed binGrain transport vehicleSeptic tank
Fertilizer storage tankFermentation tank
Other
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Types of Confined Spaces in Agriculture
Slide7Farm Grain Storage and
Grain
Leg Operation
7Farm Grain Storage and Grain Leg Operation
Slide8Large Scale Commercial Grain Operation
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Large Scale Commercial Grain Operation
Slide9Hopper Bottom Feed/Grain Bin
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Hopper Bottom Feed/Grain Bin
Slide10Commercial Seed Corn Operation
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Commercial Seed Corn Operation
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Large Capacity Storage Tanks
Slide12Silos
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Silos
Concrete Poured SiloOxygen-limiting siloConcrete Stave Silo
Slide13Flat Storage
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Flat Storage
Outside PileFlat Storage Building
Slide14Grain Transport Vehicles
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Grain Carts
Rail cars
Hopper Bottom Semi
Portable grinder mixer
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Grain Handling Equipment
In floor auger
Sweep auger
Portable grain auger
Stirrator
Belt Conveyor
Slide16Manure Storage Facilities
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Manure Storage Facilities
Above ground storage tank
Lagoon
Below ground pit
Slide17Entrapments requiring extrication from flowable agricultural materialsEngulfments – fully buried in flowable agricultural material
Entanglements in energized machineryAsphyxiation due to exposure to toxic environments
Carbon Dioxide
MethaneHydrogen Sulfide (manure)Ammonia (manure)Smoke/Carbon monoxide (fires)Silo gasSuffocation due to oxygen limited environmentsFallsElectrocutionsDrowningRespiratory distress due to exposure to dust and microtoxinsBurns from fires and explosions17Hazards Related to Agricultural Confined Spaces
Slide1829 CFR 1910.146 – Permit-required confined space standardExempts agriculture
29 CFR 1910.272 – Grain handling standardCovers all commercial grain storage and handling operations
Original focus on preventing grain dust explosions
Exempts farms, feedlots, and certain seed processing operationsTakes precedence over CFR 1910.14618Relevant Federal OSHA Standards
Slide19Federal OSHA does not have enforcement jurisdiction over local government entities such as local fire departments
Some OSHA State Plans cover emergency workers
Prudent employers would preplan to assure that local emergency services have the needed equipment and trained personnel if relying on those services to conduct a rescue
19OSHA Application to Local Fire/Rescue Services
Slide20Need for Emergency Action PlanNeed for appropriate personal protective equipment
Need for emergency response team
Preplanning
20Key Provisions of the OSHA Standards Relevant to On-Site First Responders
Slide21The OSHA Grain Handling Standard (1910.272) currently exempts from compliance
certain farming operations:Farms with 10 or fewer employed
Feedlots
Operations that prepare seedsfor future cropsThe OSHA Permit-required Confined Spaces Standard (1910.146) generally exempts agricultural operations that:Grow or harvest cropsRaise livestock or poultry21Exempt Facilities
Slide22Over half of all grain storage capacity in the U.S. is currently exempt from OSHA compliance.
Historically, about 70% of all documented grain-related entrapments have occurred at exempt facilities.
Exempt facilities are less prepared to respond to an emergency due to:
Fewer trained personnelLess access to rescue equipmentWorkplace safety rules not in placeNo emergency management plan22Exempt Facilities Represent the Greatest Risks to First Responders
Slide23Confined space entry permit systemAppropriate confined space entry equipment
Lifeline and harnesses
Air monitoring equipment
Communication systemEmergency action planDocumented trainingIncident reporting policies in place23Non-Exempt Facilities Must Have
Slide24Both volunteer and paid responders should comply with OSHA standards where applicable, regardless of OSHA jurisdiction
Volunteer responders to exempt facilities should still follow all applicable OSHA confined space rules
Volunteer emergency first responders may not be considered public sector employees under OSHA provisionsPaid responders to non-exempt facilities may not be covered by OSHA Confined Space Rules, but should complyProvisions are provided in the regulations for a timely responseResponding agencies should develop an SOP for responses24Paid and Volunteer Response - Summary
Slide25Addressing conflict over rescue strategies
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Case Study
Slide26Every worker deserves a safe and healthy workplace and the opportunity to go home at the end of the day.The priority at grain storage and handling facilities should be on preventing situations that require an emergency response.Emergency first responders should not be expected to “fix” a problem that should have been prevented.
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Preventing Emergencies in Confined Spaces in Agriculture
Slide27Develop a culture of safety and healthIt starts at the topInvolves everyone
Is clearly communicated
Identify hazards/threatsConduct assessments
Encourage reporting of hazardsTrain workers to identify hazardsRemove or isolate hazardsGuards, railingsUse appropriate personal protective equipment27Workplace Safety
Slide28Workers are entitled to working conditions that do not pose a risk of serious harm. To help assure a safe and healthful workplace, OSHA also provides workers with the right to:Ask OSHA to inspect their workplace; Use their rights under the law without retaliation and discrimination;
Receive information and training about hazards, methods to prevent harm, and the OSHA standards that apply to their workplace. The training must be in a language you can understand; Get copies of test results done to find hazards in the workplace;
Review records of work-related injuries and illnesses; Get copies of their
medical records;For more information, visit the OSHA.gov website.28Worker Rights
Slide29You have these options to file your safety and health complaint:Online - Go to the Online Complaint Form at www.OSHA.govDownload and Fax/Mail - Download the OSHA
compliant form* [En Espanol*] Telephone - your local OSHA Regional or Area Office. OSHA staff can discuss your complaint and respond to any questions you have
. If there is an emergency or the hazard is immediately life-threatening, call your local
OSHA Regional or Area Office or 1-800-321-OSHA. 29Complaint Filing Options
Slide3030Questions?