The presence of chemicals in the atmosphere in quantities and duration that are harmful to human health and the environment Two types of pollutants Primary pollutants products of natural events like fires and volcanic eruptions and human activities added directly to the ID: 1040684
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1. Air Pollution
2. What is air pollution?The presence of chemicals in the atmosphere in quantities and duration that are harmful to human health and the environment.Two types of pollutants:Primary pollutants : products of natural events (like fires and volcanic eruptions) and human activities added directly to the airSecondary pollutants - formed by interaction of primary pollutants with each other or with normal components of the air
3. Air PollutantsCarbon oxides (CO & CO2)sources = incomplete combustion of fossil fuelstransportation, industry, & home heatingCO2 is an important greenhouse gasCO (carbon monoxide)the most abundant pollutant know to affect human healthcombines with hemoglobin & may create problems for infants, the elderly, & those with heart or respiratory diseases
4. Air PollutantsSulfur oxides (mainly SO2, or sulfur dioxide)source = combustion of coal & oil (esp. coal)SO2 released in the U.S. comes from:utilities 69.5%industrial manufacturing processes 12.7%industrial combustion 11.6%transportation 3.7%other sources 2.5%.
5. Air PollutantsSulfur Oxides continued…can react with gases in atmosphere to form sulfuric acid ('acid rain')20 million tons released in U.S. every yearExposure to SO2 can cause impairment of respiratory function, aggravation of existing respiratory disease (especially bronchitis), and a decrease in the ability of the lungs to clear foreign particles. It can also lead to increased mortality, especially if elevated levels of particulate matter (PM) are also present. Groups that appear most sensitive to the effects of SO2 include asthmatics and other individuals with hyperactive airways, and individuals with chronic obstructive lung or cardiovascular disease. Elderly people and children are also likely to be more sensitive to SO2.
6. Air PollutantsNitrogen oxides - NO (nitric oxide) & NO2 (nitrogen dioxide)source = motor vehicles & industry (burning fossil fuels)can react with other gases in atmosphere to from nitric acid (HNO3) ('acid rain')
7. Smogforms from mixture of primarily nitrogen oxides (from vehicles), volatile organic compounds, & sunlightcomplex mixture of gases but primarily ozonemore common in cities with sunny, dry, warm climates, such as Los Angeles, Denver, Salt Lake City, Sydney, & Mexico City
8. SmogPhotochemical smog is formed when primary pollutants react with ultraviolet light to create a variety of toxic and reactive compounds.The class "London smog" comes from large amounts of coal burning in an area, causing a mixture of smoke and sulfur dioxide. It's very black, and seriously darkens the sky. Inhaling this type of smog can easily lead to silicosis ("Black Lung"), which is a problem that in earlier decades of even the 20th century was a common death ailment among coal-mine workers (among others).
9. Acid Rain"Acid rain" is a broad term referring to a mixture of wet and dry deposition (deposited material) from the atmosphere containing higher than normal amounts of nitric and sulfuric acids. The precursors, or chemical forerunners, of acid rain formation result from both natural sources, such as volcanoes and decaying vegetation, and man-made sources, primarily emissions of sulfur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen oxides (NOx)resulting from fossil fuel combustion.
10. Effects of Air PollutionMuch evidence links air pollutants to respiratory & other diseases in humansExamples of air pollution-related diseases:Pulmonary irritation & impaired lung function:chronic bronchitisemphysemaCancerSystemic toxicity:LeadMercuryIncreased susceptibility to disease