THE AVERAGE KINETIC ENERGY OF AN OBJECT Average motion energy Thermal Energy THE TOTAL KINETIC POTENTIAL ENERGY IN AN OBJECT Energy of stored bonds motion Temperature Reference Points Freezing Point of Water ID: 1022446
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1. Thermal Energy
2. TemperatureTHE AVERAGE KINETIC ENERGY OF AN OBJECT.Average motion energyThermal EnergyTHE TOTAL KINETIC + POTENTIAL ENERGY IN AN OBJECT.Energy of stored bonds + motion
3. Temperature Reference PointsFreezing Point of Water0 °C or 32°FBoiling Point of Water100°C or 212°F
4. 0 100 Temperature (°C)21232Temperature (°F)Temperature ConversionsTK = Temperature in KelvinTC = Temperature in °CTF = Temperature in °F
5. Temperature Conversions
6. HEAT TRANSFER
7. Which object has the greatest temperature?Which object has the greatest average kinetic energy?Which object has the greatest total kinetic energy?Which object has the greatest Thermal Energy?Which object, left on its own, in outer space, has the greatest heat?Which object, connected to the table, has the greatest heat transfer?A. 97°C50 mLB. 7°C1 LC.-2°C1000 kLD.None of these
8. HeatHEAT = THERMAL ENERGY THAT IS TRANSFERRED FROM ONE OBJECT TO ANOTHER.HEAT ALWAYS FLOWS FROM THE HIGHER TEMPERATURE TO THE LOWER TEMPERATURETouch the leg of your chair and the leg of your desk. Which one is colder?
9. Pizza CapacityThink and Explain? When I throw my pizza into the microwave to warm it up, it isn’t the same temperature throughout. Why?
10. Heat CapacityAll substances will change temperature as they gain thermal energy. HEAT CAPACITY = THE AMOUNT OF TEMPERATURE CHANGE TO A HEATED OBJECT DEPENDS ON THE OBJECT AND THE MASS.
11. Modes of Heat TransferThe three methods of Heat TransferCONDUCTIONCONVECTIONRADIATION
12. ConductionCONDUCTION = THERMAL ENERGY TRANSFERRED BY THE COLLOSIONS OF PARTICLESCONDUCTION REQUIRES CONTACTIt is an exchange of energy between atoms and electrons by collisionsLess energetic particles gain energy during collisions with more energetic particles.
13. MaterialsListed are common materials. Better conductors have a higher thermal conductivityDemo - POOR CONDUCTOR = GOOD INSULATOR
14. Conduction ExamplesWhy is the tile cold and the carpet feel warm?Because the tile is a better conductor and it has a greater heat capacity
15. ConvectionWhat is convection?THERMAL ENERGY TRANSFERRED BY A CURRENT OF FLUID REQUIRES A FLUID(Gas/Liquid)When the movement results from differences in density, it is called natural convectionWhen the movement is forced by a fan or a pump, it is called forced convection
16. Convection HeatingAn example of natural convectionExplain what is happeningWater Temp Demo
17. Convection Current ExampleWhat is the forced convection?What is the natural convection?
18. Weather – due to natural convection
19. RadiationRADIATION = THERMAL ENERGY TRANSFERRED BY ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVESRADIATION DOES NOT REQUIRE CONTACTAll objects radiate (give off) energy continuously in the form of electromagnetic waves due to thermal vibrations of the molecules
20. Thermal ExpansionWhen an object is heated, it’s particles speed up and spread apart, making the object expand.Demo - Uses: Cavities, Bridges, Sidewalks LinesDownsides - potholes
21. Radiation exampleNo physical contact is necessaryThe electromagnetic waves carry the energyThe heat transfer cannot be accounted for by conduction or convection (thru space)
22. States of Matter
23. PictureVolumeShapeKinetic EnergyInter-molecular ForceGasLiquidSolid
24. Phase SummaryPictureDefinite VolumeDefinite ShapeKinetic EnergyInter-molecular ForceGasNoNoHighSometimes bounce off one anotherNoneLiquidYesNoMediumRoll, Bounce off one anotherWeakSolidYesYesLowShake back and ForthStrong
25. States of Matter Notes These are found online at http://prezi.com/_2quyv8zpnzq/notes-states-of-matter/(Look at these or you’ll be sorry).
26. Deposition = FrostCondensationAmorphousDefinite ShapeNo Definite ShapeFluidMolecules in motionVaporziationMeltingCrystallineFreezingDefinite VolumeNo Definite VolumeLeast Kinetic energyMedium Kinetic energyProperty of ViscosityHighest Kinetic EnergySublimation = Dry Ice
27. Phase Change Graphs
28. 0 1 2 3 4 5 Thermal Energy150100500Temperature (°C)Thermal Energy and Phase ChangesFreezingLiquidGasCondensationMeltingSolidVaporization
29. Phase Change Process (S & L)Melting – THERMAL ENERGY IS USED TO BREAK BONDSThe bonds that hold molecules in vibrating lattice structure are breaking.The Intermolecular Forces LessenFreezing – THERMAL ENERGY IS USED TO CREATE BONDS AND HOLD MOLECULES IN PLACEThe bonds that will hold molecules in position are formingThe Intermolecular Forces IncreaseMelting Point – THE TEMPERATURE AT WHICH AN OBJECT EITHER MELTS OR FREEZES.
30. Evaporation = EscapeBrant’s Maximum Security Penitentiary for Incarcerated Dress Code Violators and Others.If the highest IQ’s escape, what happens to the average Penitentiary IQ.UpDownSame
31. VAPORIZATION (L – G)EVAPORATION – A CHANGE IN PHASE FROM LIQUID TO GAS AT THE SURFACE.This cools the remaining liquid!BOILING – A CHANGE IN PHASE FROME LIQUID TO GAS BELOW THE SURFACE.This cools the remaining liquid!Boiling Point – THE TEMPERATURE THAT AN OBJECT VAPORIZES OR CONDENSES.
32. Condensation (G L)CONDENSATION – A CHANGE OF PHASE FROM GAS TO LIQUID.This is a WARMING PROCESS for the liquid.Gas molecules strike surface of liquid and give up so much energy that they can’t stay in gaseous phaseExamplesDroplets forming on mirrorDroplets on glass of water
33. Condensation = CapturedThe smart kids sneak out of a convocation in the gym and join the prison of ISS. What happens to the average IQ of the prison?UpDownSame
34. Phase Changes with the GizmoThe differences with this type of graph, and the basic phase change graph is that the time is the x-axis instead of changing thermal energy. Hint: In these graphs Mr. Nuetzel had an initial setup, then didn’t change any of the settings after starting it.
35. Phase Change GizmoWith this setup, what will happen to the temp. graph?
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37. Phase Change GizmoWith this setup, what will happen to the temp. graph?
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39. Phase Change GizmoWith this setup, what will happen to the temp. graph?
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41. Phase Change GizmoWith this setup, what will happen to the temp. graph?
42.
43. What’s the difference between these two graphs?
44. What’s the difference between these two graphs?
45. Phase Change GizmoWith this setup, what will happen to the temp. graph?
46.
47. Interpreting GraphsHint – Mr. Nuetzel didn’t keep the RATE of heat transfer constant in these graphs.
48. What is happening in this graph?
49. What is happening in this graph?
50. What is the difference in these graphs?
51. What is happening in this graph?
52. What is happening in this graph?
53. What is happening in this graph?
54. Acting Out Phase ChangesGet in a group of 8-12 students. You will have 2 minutes to decide how you want to act out one of the phase changes that H2O can go through with either an addition or subtraction of thermal energy.Demonstrate your skit to the class.
55. Review Discussion QuestionsExplain in detail and use the thermal energy vocabulary.When I throw my pizza into the microwave to warm it up, it isn’t the same temperature throughout. Why?How is the house heated?How does a thermometer work?