lecturer University College Northern Denmark the midwifery department Teaching midwifery students A model for transferring epistemology to midwifery practice 1 Workshop topic ID: 1046952
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1. Ingrid Jepsen, Midwife, lecturer, University College Northern Denmark, the midwifery departmentTeaching midwifery students A model for transferring epistemology to midwifery practice 1
2. Workshop topicThe workshop will illustrate how we can teach epistemologyin the beginning of the midwifery study2What is epistemology…? and what’s the use of it for a midwife?Students attitude…
3. What is epistemology?Epistemology:Branch of philosophy concerned with nature and origin of knowledge. Epistemology asks question “How do we know what we know?” http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/epistemology To get an understanding of how is it possible to know something from different perspectives, we have chosen Natural Sciences, Humanities and Social Sciences as the rough, but basic starting point.3
4. What do we do?Midwifery students are introduced to natural science, humanities and social sciences by three different teachers. (2 lessons for each “science”).4
5. What do we do next?Then we make work-shop (3 x 45 min):To illustrate the difference between the sciencesTo show how different scientific perspectives can make sense in relation to clinical practice To show what sort of questions may be asked within each scientific perspective 5
6. The plan for the workshop Students receive workshop questions one day before the workshopWorkshop:Students are first divided into 3 groups: > natural science > humanities > social science Each group has a teacher as a supervisor (the teacher who taught either natural science, humanities or social science)Each group is then told to watch a video focusing on their specific scientific perspective (and the questions).The students watch the video (45 min)6
7. Together with the 3 teachers/ supervisors, the class splits into 3 groups to work with the questions according to their ”science” (45 min)Finally, the students prepare and make presentations for some of the other students and one teacher. - and they share and discuss their answers (45 min)7Group work
8. And now you are going to try it!8
9. What are we going to do together?“Count to nine” to get your group allocation Number 1-3 Natural scienceNumber 4-6 HumanitiesNumber 7-9 Social scienceTogether with the questions for the video, you get a handout with brief information about the general characteristics of the chosen scienceWatch the video all togetherAnswer the questions in groups (together with the teacher/supervisor)Group presentations: You present your answers to the questions to some of your colleagues9
10. What is natural science, humanities and social sciences? (Holm AB, Philosophy of science, 2013, Frederiksberg, samfundslitteratur.)Natural scienceScientific knowledge is acquired through systematic gathering of empirical data; and only theories derived from such data can be considered scientific (positivism)Scientifically true theories are verifiableOnly empirical and measurable “things” countBased on natural sciencesNormativityNeutrality, unprejudiced researcherObjectivism, an object is the sum of our sensory perception of it Observations: thorough, systematic, logically stringent, aimed at a particular target, generalizations 10
11. What is natural science, humanities and social sciences? (Holm AB, Philosophy of science, 2013, Frederiksberg, samfundslitteratur.)Humanities All expressions of human life are of interests to the humanitiesThe interpretative way of human sciences in principle constitutes a never-ending processWorking with human beings, there are no correct answers and there is no absolute truthUnderstanding; yet, complete understanding will never be reachedThe researcher works within a framework of understandingMore dialogue than experiments and observationIndividuality in focusExperiences are in focusKnowledge ‘in depth’ and not ‘in general’11
12. What is natural science, humanities and social sciences? (Holm AB, Philosophy of science, 2013, Frederiksberg, samfundslitteratur.)Social sciencesSocial sciences must be based on an ide of what a society is and what characterizes one’s social interaction according toSocial lifeFamily NetworkProblems and methods vary greatly depending on which sociologist you are inspired by:- Study social facts not individuals: religion, morals, language (Durkheim)- Class society, positions, capitalism, power struggles and conflicts of interests (Marx)- Individual behaviour (motives)(Weber)Being critical of the ethical or political consequences of science is important. The researcher must be critical of the role research plays in societySocial sciences use different research methods 12
13. Questions to answer in groupsFind examples in the video representing your scientific perspectiveIf you were interested in knowing more, what kind of questions would you ask from your ”scientific” perspective? Choose one of your questionsWhat kind of study/research/methods would you choose to get answers to your question?Try to find some arguments for the truths concerning knowledge claimed to exist within your “your science” or discuss whether there is a truth?What is the use of your chosen research/investigation?13