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Big Picture: The War of 1812 filled Americans with national pride. Yet against the backdrop Big Picture: The War of 1812 filled Americans with national pride. Yet against the backdrop

Big Picture: The War of 1812 filled Americans with national pride. Yet against the backdrop - PowerPoint Presentation

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Big Picture: The War of 1812 filled Americans with national pride. Yet against the backdrop - PPT Presentation

Big Picture The War of 1812 filled Americans with national pride Yet against the backdrop of an emerging national identity two distinct economic systems were developing in the North and South Chapter 7 From Nationalism to sectionalism ID: 769140

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Big Picture: The War of 1812 filled Americans with national pride. Yet against the backdrop of an emerging national identity, two distinct economic systems were developing in the North and South. Chapter 7: From Nationalism to sectionalism

Main Idea: Nationalism contributed to the growth of American culture and influenced domestic and foreign policies. Chapter 7 Section 1: The Rise of Nationalism

A New American CultureBy 1823, Americans were hard at work building their new nation They slowly began to develop their own unique culture , way of life Alexis de Tocqueville, French philosopher, observed American society…“in a state of improvement…in which nothing is, or ought to be, permanent…” Instead of imitating European cultures, Americans began doing things distinctly American. 1825, Hudson River school was established for a group of artists whose landscapes depicted and celebrated the American countrysideWriters: Washington Irving, James Fenimore Cooper, and William Cullen Bryant gained respect in the early 1800s1828, American English is published in Noah Webster’s An American Dictionary of the English Language A Country “in constant motion” American Art and Literature

Nationalism Influences Domestic Policy Nationalism is the belief that the interests of the nation as a whole are more important than regional interests or that of other countries Sectionalism is the belief that one’s own section, or region, is more important than the countryJohn Marshall, chief justice of the US from 1801-1835, was a firm believer in the importance of a strong national governmentMcCulloch v. Maryland (1819): sided with the national government making it clear that national interests were to be put above state interestsGibbons v. Ogden (1824): involved steamboat licenses; Ogden had a NY state license to operate, Gibbons had a national license to operate; court favored Gibbons, thus declaring national law superior to state law

The American System Nationalistic domestic policy by Henry Clay , Speaker of US House of Representatives A system that sought to implement policies to unify the countryTariff to protect American industries Sale of government lands to raise money for national governmentMaintenance of a national bankGovernment funding of internal improvements or public projectsNever implemented as a unified policy, but did establish tariffs and a bank

Nationalism Guides Foreign Policy James Monroe, president “the Era of Good Feeling” Serves 1817-1825 Economy grew rapidlySpirit of nationalism and optimism prevailed Rush-Bagot Treaty (1818)Established borders with Britain at 49th parallelAdams-Onis Treaty (1819) US acquired Florida and established firm boundary between Louisiana territory and Spanish territory Monroe Doctrine (policy)US would view any European attempts to further colonize the Americas “as dangerous to our peace and safety.”US will not “interfere in the internal concerns” of Europe

Missouri Compromise, 1820 1819: 22 states in the Union 11 “slave” states 11 “free” states Means equal representation in the US Senate Missouri (MO) territory applied to join the Union as slave state The CompromiseMissouri admitted as slave stateMaine admitted as free stateBanned slavery in northern part of Louisiana Territory (36º 30’ N)

Chapter 7 ReviewWrite the Questions and Answers Chapter 7 Section 1 What replaced feelings of sectionalism in the early 1800s? (HINT: It is the opposite of sectionalism) How did growing nationalism affect foreign and domestic policy in the US? Provide an example of each.

Main Idea: President Andrew Jackson’s bold actions defined a period of American history. Chapter 7 Section 2: The Age of Jackson

Path to the PresidencyJackson served in the army during the Revolutionary War Practiced law, successful land speculator, served in a variety of government offices War hero after the Battle of New Orleans in the War of 1812 In 1824, ran for president as a Democratic-RepublicanJackson won popular vote, but not majority of electoral votesElection to be determined by House of Representatives Henry Clay gave support to John Quincy Adams, enough votes to become presidentHenry Clay was named his secretary of state-was there a secret deal????Jackson and supporters called it the “corrupt bargain”

Democratic Party is formed by Jackson and his supporters Popular war hero, seen as “a man of the people” National Republican Party is formed by Adams and his supporters Not popular, administration weakened by scandal and relentless criticismAppeared to be “out of touch” with the peopleMost voting restrictions in many states, like property ownership , were being lifted  poor people could now vote  these are Jackson’s strongest supportersJacksonian Democracy ~ political power exercised by ordinary Americans One of his first acts in office, replaced many officials with his supporters (actually only 1 in 10 replaced)Rewarding supporters in this way – spoils system

Indian Removal Act, 1830 Congress passed law, Jackson approved to relocate 5 native nations west to present-day Oklahoma Some groups move and face exposure, malnutrition, and disease The Seminole fight back in hit-and-run attacksCherokee fought in the courts Worchester v. Georgia (1832)Marshall court ruled against Georgia, cannot take Cherokee landsJackson’s response, “…Marshall has made his decision – now let him enforce it.”

Trail of TearsTreaty signed with Cherokee leaders that favored relocation to get around court Cherokee were herded by the US Army on a deadly march west 16,000 forced to leave their homes 4,000 died from hunger, exposure, disease, and bandits

The National Bank Henry Clay and Daniel Webster introduced a bill to renew Bank’s charter during election Jackson vetoed the bill Major campaign issue in the election of 1832Jackson won re-election by a landslide Jackson ordered money taken out of the Bank and deposited into select state banks, referred to as “pet banks” Andrew Jackson strikes the hydra with a cane labeled “veto” Nicholas Biddle, the president of the Second Bank of the US, is shown as the biggest head on the hydra NOTE: When you chop off the head of a hydra 2 grow back in its place.

Conflict over States’ Rights People who favored more power to the state governments invoked concept of states’ rights Based on 10 th Amendment that powers “not delegated to the US by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States” are reserved to the states.Tariffs of 1824 and 1828Helped American industry by raising the price on British goods Forced Southerners to buy northern goods instead of less expensive British goods they were used toMost Southerners exported their cotton to Britain, didn’t like the interference with international tradeDrove a wedge between Jackson and VP, John C. Calhoun (a southerner)Tariff of 1828 is commonly referred to as the Tariff of AbominationsCalhoun argues the idea that a state could nullify any law passed by Congress they believed violated the Constitution or not in the best interest of states

States’ Rights Continues Hayne-Webster Debate Most famous debate in Senate history Robert Hayne of SC Federal government is an agreement among statesNullification gave states a lawful way to protest federal legislation Daniel Webster of MAUS is one nation, not an agreement of states“Liberty and Union, now and forever, one and inseparable!”

Nullification CrisisCongress passed another tariff in 1832SC declared the tariff “ null and void ” and threatened to secede (withdraw) from the Union if gov’t tried to enforce Jackson demanded and received permission from Congress to use military force to collect the tariffSC declared that bill “null and void” as well Henry Clay worked out a deal that tariffs would be reduced over a period of 10 years

Chapter 7 ReviewWrite the Questions and Answers Chapter 7 Section 2 What was Jacksonian Democracy? How did the Seminole resist the Indian Removal Act? How did the Cherokee resist the Indian Removal Act? How did the issues of states’ rights and nullification affect Jackson’s presidency?

Main Idea: The north developed an economy based on industry. Chapter 7 Section 3: The Industrial North

The Industrial Revolution Birth of modern industry and social changes that accompanied it Change from human-powered in worker’s homes to machines powered by water and steam engines in huge mills Replacement of human power with machine powerBegan with textiles in Great Britain

The North Industrializes Samuel Slater violated British law and brought knowledge of industrial machines to America He and Moses Brown built a water-powered spinning mill 1 st successful textile millLowell, MassachusettsBecame center of textile productionTown named after Francis Lowell, wealthy Boston textile merchantTextile firms opened mills and turned profits quickly (40 mills and 10,000 looms)Majority of workers were young women, recruited from local farms, known as “Lowell girls” Lives were strictly regulated by the ringing of bells

The Revolution Spreads Slowly spread from textile industry to others The 1830s brings the steam engine , better and more widely available, helped make industry grow fast Industrialization led to urbanizationPeople left farms and moved into cities to work in mills and factories The North changed from small towns and farms and into large cities and factories

Transportation Roads and Canals National Road constructed (1811-1841) Stretched 800 miles MD to ILNetwork of roads to connect the US, promoting travel and trade Erie Canal (1825)363 mile-long connecting the Great Lakes with the Hudson River and the Atlantic OceanQuick and economical way to transport goods to the West and farm products to the EastLed to establishment of NYC

The SteamboatIts success led to general decline in roads and brought an end to the canal craze1st successful service run by Robert Fulton 1807 he began operating regular passenger service on the Hudson River  others began to build and operateThe Railroad1 st run in US in 1830, only 23 miles of track at the timeBy 1840 more than 3,000 miles of trackSpeed, power, reliability and carrying capacity made it the preferred means of travel and transportIts success led to general decline in roads and brought an end to the canal craze

Communication Steam-powered printing presses introduced in Germany Soon enabled US publishers to print material much faster and in greater volumesPostal ServiceMail delivery was faster and more available due to steamboats and the railroads1800: fewer than 1,000 post offices 1840: more than 12,000Patented by Samuel F.B. Morse in 1840Device to send messages using electricity through wiresCommunication is instantaneousOther industries are quick to use it to their advantage Wires were soon to crisscross the nation Printing Press Telegraph

Main Idea: During the early 1800s, the South developed an economy based on agriculture. Chapter 7 Section 4: The Land of Cotton

“King Cotton” Cotton Gin was a simple machine with a major impact on life in the South Solved the problem of cleaning the cottonDemand for cotton increased in the North and in Great BritainCombination of the 2 led to many American farmers to grow cottonLand devoted to cotton cultivation soared Cotton = get rich quickCotton was US largest and most valuable export from 1807 until close to the end of the 1800s

The Spread of Slavery Farming cotton is labor intensive Land prepared, seeds planted, growing plants tended to, crop picked, cleaned and baled First farms were small run by familiesWealthier planters bought huge plots of land and used enslaved African AmericansGrowth of cotton farming directly led to demand for enslaved African Americans 1810: 1 million; 1840: 2.5 million (1/3 of southern population)Most southerners were not slaveholders Approximately ¼ of the white families in the south owned slavesSlave labor = more cotton to grow = more money to make (powerful economic incentive)

North vs. SouthManufacturing and trade Urbanization, cities grew Businesses seized new technology in pursuit of efficiency and growthView change as progressExposed to many different peopleSlavery viewed as evilAgriculture RuralNo need for labor-saving devices when there is ample enslaved people to do workHold higher value in traditionLess diverseSlavery is viewed (by most white people) as vital to economy, natural situation, and practice sanctioned by Christian religion North South

Chapter 7 ReviewWrite the Questions and Answers Chapter 7 Section 3 How did the Industrial Revolution reach the United States? What were the major economic and social effects of the Erie Canal? Why did railroads become more important than roads and canals?

Chapter 7 ReviewWrite the Questions and Answers Chapter 7 Section 4 What did the cotton gin do? Why did slavery spread throughout the South? How were the North and South different?

Chapter 7 ReviewWrite the Question and the Answer This work was painted in the early 1800s by John A. Woodside of Philadelphia. The woman in the painting is Lady Liberty. The words under the scene read “We Owe Allegiance To No Crown.” What or who is meant by the word we ? Study the painting. How does the artist convey a feeling of patriotism and nationalism?

Chapter 7 ReviewWrite the Question and the Answer Read the passage at the end of Section 1 with the heading “The Missouri Compromise.” Then answer the questions that follow . What led to the Missouri Compromise? The fact that slavery was illegal in Missouri The effort to abolish slavery in the SouthThe desire to maintain a balance in the Senate between free and slave states The need to admit Maine as a slave state How did the Missouri Compromise affect the Louisiana Territory?It banned slavery in all of the territory. It allowed slavery in all of the territory.It banned slavery in part of the territory and allowed it in another.It left the question of slavery in the territory undecided.