Number Paper 1 – 6 Why did we go to War in 1812? - PowerPoint Presentation

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Number Paper 1 – 6

Why did we go to War in 1812?

Who won the War of 1812?

What did the US gain from the War of 1812?

What did the US lose from the War of 1812?

What did G. Washington state about getting in other countries business?

Why the War of 1812 so important to the United States?Slide2

Number Paper 1 – 6

Why did we go to War in 1812? Who won the War of 1812?3. What did the US gain from the War of 1812?

Impressments - sovereignty

No One

Nothing but a Large War DebtSlide3

Number Paper 1 – 6

What did the US lose from the War of 1812?5. What did G. Washington state about getting in other countries business?6. Why the War of 1812 so important to the United States?

Men/Washington DC

Show the world it could stand up to other countries and can not be defeated – maintain its sovereignty

Stay Out!!!Slide4

President James Monroe

Elected in 1816 (Democratic-Republican)Two Terms: 1816-1824“Era of Good Feelings”

Monroe DoctrineMissouri CompromiseSlide5

Basic Information

Term: 5th President of the United States Born: Westmoreland County, Virginia (April 28, 1758)Education: College of William and Mary (graduated 1776)

Career: Lawyer Political Party: Democratic-Republican Slide6

Life in Brief:

James Monroe was the last American President of the “Virginia Dynasty”soldier, diplomat, governor,

senator, and cabinet officialSlide7
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U.S Struggle with Other Nations

BritainUS & Britain wanted to keep naval & fishing rights on the Great LakesRush-

Bagot Agreement – US & Britain agreed to limit naval power on the Great LakesConvention of 1818

Set the border between US & Canada at 49° N latitude as far west as Rocky MountainsOccupy the Pacific Northwest togetherGave U.S. fishing rights off Newfoundland & Labrador coasts

SpainSlide9
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Spain

Dispute over border between US and Spanish FloridaUS sent troops to secure the southern borderGeneral Andrew Jackson was the commanderSlide11

Conflicts occurred between US and Florida’s Seminole Indians

Seminole’s helped runaway slavesSeminole’s raided U.S. settlementsResponse – capture Seminole raiding partiesSlide12

General Jackson conquest of Florida without Monroe’s permission

Took over most of Spain’s military postOverthrew governor of FloridaAmerican people supported Jackson actions

Adam-Onis Treaty (1819)Spain gave East Florida to US

US gave up claims to TexasUS agreed to pay up to $5 million of US citizens’ claims against SpainSlide13
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Adams-Onis BoundariesSlide15

Number Paper 1 – 10

List the four presidents from Virginia.2. “ “3. “ “ “ “Which army general acted against Spain without presidential instructions?

Which president was the last of the “Virginia Dynasty”?Slide16

Which political party was James Monroe a member?

Why was southern planters upset with the Seminole Indians?What did General Andrew Jackson do that could have started a war with Spain?What was the solution to the struggle over the Pacific Northwest?Slide17

Number Paper 1 – 10

List the four presidents from Virginia.2. “ “3. “ “ “ “Which army general acted against Spain without presidential instructions?

Which president was the last of the “Virginia Dynasty”?

Washington

Jefferson

Madison

Monroe

Andrew Jackson

MonroeSlide18

Which political party was James Monroe a member?

Why was southern planters upset with the Seminole Indians?What did General Andrew Jackson do that could have started a war with Spain?

What was the solution to the struggle over the Pacific Northwest?

Democratic-Republican

Raids or Hiding Runaway Slaves

Captured Army Post or Overthrow Governor

Shared Responsibility For The AreaSlide19

The Monroe Doctrine

1823 (Sec. Of State - John Quincy Adams)No more European colonization in Western HemisphereUS dominance of Western Hemisphere establishedSlide20

Monroe Doctrine

The occasion has been judged proper for asserting… that the American Continents.. Are henceforth not to be considered as subjects for future colonization by any European powers… The political system of the allied powers is essentially different … from that of America. We … declare that we should consider any attempt on their part to extend their system to any portion of this hemisphere as dangerous to our peace and safety…With the existing colonies… we have interfered and shall not interfere.

But with the governments who have declared their independence and maintained it, and whose independence we have … acknowledged, we could not view any interposition (interference) for the purpose of oppressing them … by any European power in any other light than has the manifestation (evidence) of an unfriendly disposition (attitude) toward the United States.Slide21
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Four Basic Points:

US would not interfere with affairs of European nations (outside Western Hemisphere)US would not interfere with existing European colonies in the AmericasWestern Hemisphere off limits to future colonization by foreign powers (European)

Any European action in Western Hemisphere would be considered a hostile act (Act of War)Slide23

Implications in the Western Hemisphere

US dominance until the presentUS role in Latin American affairsEuropean direct influence limited

Precedent of Isolationism with EuropeSlide24

Panic of 1819

First major US Financial Crisis Banks throughout the country failed Mortgages were foreclosed

forcing people out of their homes & off their farms. Thousands put in debtors prison

Falling prices impaired agriculture and manufacturing, triggering widespread unemployment.Result: Law passed for relief project & ending of debtors prisonSlide25

Missouri Compromise

Issue: Slavery in the new statesWill a new state be a FREE or SLAVE State

Free State – No Slavery Allowed at all

Slave State – Slavery Permitted everywhereSlide26
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Missouri Compromise

LabSlide28

Which region, North or South, had the most square miles of land? {Add the square mile from the north and the south. Compare the two. (Show the work on the data sheet)}

Which region, North or South, was the more densely populated? {Add the density of each region and then divide by 11. Compare the two. (Show the work on the data sheet)}Which of the original 3 colonial regions have the largest square mile area? (Show your work)

Which of the original 3 colonial regions have the highest density of people per square mile? (Show your work) _

South = 504,654; North = 294,091; South Largest

North = 30.96; South = 13.5; North = greatest density

NE = 22,959 M = 101,963 S = 212,153

NE = 56.75; M = 31.52; S = 18.6Slide29

Which region, North or South, had the higher population of black people? {Add the square mile from the north and the south. Compare the two.

In what two southern states did the black population outnumber the white population?In which region can you find states where the female population outnumbered the male population? Name the states.

Compare the land area in the territories where slavery was prohibited with that of the territories where slavery was permitted. {Add the land area of Florida territory & Arkansas territory and compare it with the Michigan territory}. Which has the greatest land area? Free or Slave

What difference does it make? North = 118,000 South = 1,563,000

Louisiana South Carolina

(North) NH = 124,000/120,000; MA = 268,000/255,000

Slave = 160,136 Free = 186,052

More of America remaining freeSlide30

What changes did the Missouri Compromise bring to the U.S. Map?

How did the Missouri Compromise solve the problem of keeping the balance of power in the Senate between free and slave states? What territory was to be kept free of slavery?

Why would the South begin to look to the land to the west of the borders of the U.S., in what was then part of Mexico?

Kept the US from having a Civil War North vs South

Kept the Senate equal from Free to Slave 11/11 to 12/12

Unorganized Territory; Most of the Louisiana territory

If the South could expand westward, it could add slave states within the context of the Missouri CompromiseSlide31
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Could either side be considered the winner in this compromise?

WHY? WHY NOT?

NO

The power stay the same and the institution of slavery remained just as powerfulSlide33

What were the inhabitants of the portion of the Missouri Territory that was petition (asking) for statehood authorized to do?

[Introduction]Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America, in Congress assembled, That the inhabitants of that portion of the Missouri territory included within the boundaries herein after designated, be, and they are hereby, authorized to form for themselves

a constitution and state government, and to assume such name as they shall deem proper

; and the said state, when formed, shall be admitted into the Union, upon an equal footing with the original states, in all respects whatsoever. Slide34

What were the two qualifications to vote and hold office in the Missouri Territory?

[Section 3]SEC. 3. And be it further enacted, That all free white male citizens of the United States

, who shall have arrived at the age of twenty-one years, and have resided in said territory: three months previous to the day of election, and all other persons qualified to vote for representatives to the general assembly of the said territory, shall be qualified to be elected and they are hereby qualified and authorized to vote, and choose representatives to form a convention, who shall be apportioned amongst the several counties as follows :

From the county of Howard, five representatives.Slide35

What form of government were they required to establish?

[Section 4] Section 4; …Provided, That the same, whenever formed, shall be republican, and not repugnant to the constitution of the United States; and that the legislature of said state shall never interfere with the primary disposal of the soil by the United States, nor with any regulations Congress may find necessary for securing the title in such soil to the bona fide purchasers ; and that no tax shall be imposed on lands the property of the United States ; and in no case shall non-resident proprietors be taxed higher than residents.Slide36

How many representatives would they be given in the House of Representatives until the next census could be taken?

[Section 5]SEC. 5. And be it further enacted, That until the next general census shall be taken, the said state shall be entitled

to one representative in the House of Representatives of the United States.Slide37

What year will the next census be taken?

[Your knowledge]What section of a town must be used for a school? [Section 6.1]

Every ten years 1820 + 10 = 1830

SEC. 6. And be it further enacted, That the following propositions be, and the same are hereby, offered to the convention of the said territory of Missouri, when formed, for their free acceptance or rejection, which, if accepted by the convention, shall be obligatory upon the United States:

First.

That section

numbered sixteen

in every township, and when such section has been sold, or otherwise disposed of, other lands equivalent thereto, and as contiguous as may be, shall be granted to the state for the use of the inhabitants of such township, for the use of schools.Slide38

What percentage of state taxes must be reserved for the building of roads and canals?

[Section 6.3]SEC. 6. And be it further enacted, That the following propositions be, and the same are hereby, offered to the convention of the said territory of Missouri, when formed, for their free acceptance or rejection, which, if accepted by the convention, shall be obligatory upon the United States:

Third. That five per cent. of the net proceeds of the sale of lands lying within the said territory or state, and which shall be sold by Congress, from and after the first day of January next, after deducting all expenses incident to the same, shall be reserved for making public roads and canals, of which three fifths shall be applied to those objects within the state, under the direction of the legislature thereof; and the other two fifths in defraying, under the direction of Congress, the expenses to be incurred in making of a road or roads, canal or canals, leading to the said state.Slide39

What must the Missouri territory present to Congress in order to become a state?

[Section 7]SEC. 7. And be it further enacted, That in case a constitution and state government shall be formed for the people of the said territory of Missouri, the said convention or representatives, as soon thereafter as may be, shall cause a true and attested

copy of such constitution or frame of state government, as shall be formed or provided, to be transmitted to Congress.Slide40

Where was slavery “forever prohibited”?

[Section 8]Section 8. And be it further enacted. That in all that territory ceded by France to the United States, under the name of Louisiana, which lies north of thirty-six degrees and thirty minutes north latitude, not included within the limits of the state, contemplated by this act,

slavery and involuntary servitude, otherwise than in the punishment of crimes, whereof the parties shall have been duly convicted, shall be, and is hereby, forever prohibited: Provided always, That any person escaping into the same, from whom labour

or service is lawfully claimed, in any state or territory of the United States, such fugitive may be lawfully reclaimed and conveyed to the person claiming his or her labour or service as aforesaid.Slide41

What was the provision for fugitive slaves?

[Section 8]Section 8. And be it further enacted. That in all that territory ceded by France to the United States, under the name of Louisiana, which lies north of thirty-six degrees and thirty minutes north latitude, not included within the limits of the state, contemplated by this act, slavery and involuntary servitude, otherwise than in the punishment of crimes, whereof the parties shall have been duly convicted, shall be, and is hereby, forever prohibited: Provided always,

That any person escaping into the same, from whom labour or service is lawfully claimed, in any state or territory of the United States, such fugitive may be lawfully reclaimed and conveyed to the person claiming his or her

labour or service as aforesaid.Slide42

1819 – 11 Free States/11 Slave State

Settlers in the Missouri Territory asked to join the Union as a slave state.Slave states would outnumber free states.Power in congress would shift from a tie to pro slave state

Result – possible dissolution of the UnionSlide43
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Who would settle the issue?

Henry ClayBorn in VirginiaFather was a Baptist ministerNo formal schooling – self taught

Studied law Congressman from Kentucky for 42 years

Ran for President five timesSlave ownerSlide45

Henry Clay

Aim to keep Union togetherArgued in Congress for monthsPersuaded Congress to agree to a compromise to keep Union togetherSlide46
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Quick Quiz

The purpose of the Missouri compromise was toReturn slaves captured in free states to slave statesAllow slavery in Maine but not in Missouri

Maintain a balance of free and slave statesLet Missouri have slavery until 1850Slide48

Age of JacksonSlide49

Andrew

JacksonBackgroundBorn in 1767 in

Waxhaw, South Carolina, self-made lawyer, legislator and slave ownerNational hero at the Battle of New Orleans

Removed Creek Indians from Tennessee, fought against Seminole Indians in Florida7

th

President, 1828-1837Slide50

Inauguration

Victory for the common man

Huge party on White House lawn which almost got out of hand

Set up “Spoils System”

changing government workers was a good thing

rewards political supporters with government jobs

belief that ordinary citizens can do government jobsSlide51

d. Set Up

Kitchen Cabinet – informal group of trusted advisers who met in White House kitchen.Slide52
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Issue 1: Three Regions

NorthEconomy based on trade & manufacturingSupported tariffs to keep competition out (British) Opposed governments selling of cheap public land resulted in less workers

Opposed slave labor Slide54

South

Economy based on large & small farmingMain cash crops – cotton & tobaccoSold large amounts of products to foreign countries

Imported manufacturing goods Opposed high tariffs Higher prices for imported goods

Trading partners raise tariffs on American goodsDepended on slave labor Slide55

West

Developing small farm economySupported policies that helped small farms & encouraged further settlementSelling of land cheaplyBuilding and maintaining roads

Building and maintaining water transportation such as canalsSlide56

Issue 2: State’s Rights

Nullification CrisisCongress passed high tariff on imports helping North industriesTariff hurt South planters – nicknamed it “Tariff of Abomination” (hateful thing)

Response – “SC Exposition & Protest” stated that no state or region could be favored over anotherSlide57

Hayne – Webster

Hayne (SC) stated that nullification was a way to protest federal lawsWebster (MA) stated one nation under one law not a pact of independent nationsResult -

SC threatened to leave the unionJackson threatened to use the army to enforce law in SC No other southern state joined

1833 Compromise lower tariffSC enforced the lawStates Rights continue to be an issueSlide58

Issue 3: Native Americans – Racism/Removal

Americans had a history of violating treaties and forcibly removing Indians from their land2 views of dealing with Indians either:forcibly remove them and relocate them to lands west of the Mississippi

A growing number of Americans view Indians as an inferior who blocked progress Slide59

John Ross

Son of a Scotsman and Cherokee mother, who adopted American way of lifeWanted

to prove loyalty during War of 1812 and was veteran who served under Jackson Strongly fought against the taking of Cherokee lands by using the American legal and diplomacySlide60

Major Ridge

Veteran of War of 1812, fought against the British and becomes a majorHe

feels that some of Cherokee Georgia land must be sold to Georgia to prevent the suffering of his peopleFought against racism and discrimination toward Cherokee through legal systemSlide61

Removal From Georgia

Georgia is desired because it posses fertile soil and it the next area of expansionGold is discovered in 1828 in Georgia over 10,000 Anglos rush to Georgia

Land lotteries of Cherokee land take place even though Cherokees live thereSlide62

Cherokees have legal proof that Georgia has recognized them an independent nation

Georgia will pass laws that state Cherokee land is actually Georgia’s landJackson will send Federal troops who will be used to subdue some of the tribesSlide63

The Trail of TearsSlide64

The Indian Removal Act, 1830

Indian Removal Act, offered Native Americans new lands west of Mississippi in return for their land in the southeastern states

Some Cherokees accept the offer and sell their land while other Cherokee tribes refuseAmericans view Native Americans as blocking advancement of

civilizationSlide65
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Challenge: Worchester v. Georgia, 1832

The Supreme Court under John Marshall ruled that Georgia could not remove the Cherokee from their land because they were a recognized nation with their own recognized boundariesJackson

does not follow the Supreme Court ruling and sides with the state of Georgia, he is strongly supported by the planter elite15,000 Indians will be forced from their homes, 4,000 will die because of the moveSlide67

The Trail of Tears

The Cherokee were removed from the Southeastern states to territory in Oklahoma in 1838

U.S. Army forcibly removed them from their homes just before winter. The Cherokee believed that their legal victory would protect them from being removed from their land.

Thousands will die due to not being prepared for trip

Trail

is 1,200 miles long traveled by footSlide68

The Trail of TearsSlide69
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Trail of Tears

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