CLASS 6 moved from 5 Heirs to the Mesopotamian and Egyptian Cultures The Assyrians The NeoBabylonians The Medes and the Persians Mesopotamia3500 BC Mesopotamia1500 BC Mesopotamia1450 BC ID: 657129
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Slide1
Civ 101-029-7-15 (moved from 9-4)CLASS 6 (moved from 5)
Heirs to the Mesopotamian and Egyptian CulturesSlide2
The AssyriansThe Neo-Babylonians(The Medes) and the
PersiansSlide3
Mesopotamia-3500 BCSlide4
Mesopotamia-1500 BCSlide5
Mesopotamia-1450 BCSlide6
Mesopotamia-1000 BCSlide7
Persian Empire—circa 500-300 BCSlide8
Oriental Institute, University of Chicagohttp://oi.uchicago.edu/sites/oi.uchicago.edu/files/uploads/tourfiles/index.html
http://
oi.uchicago.edu
/collections/highlights-collections
1155 E 58th Street
Chicago, IL 60637
773.702.9514 General Info
773.702.9520 Museum Office
Museum Hours
Tuesday: 10:00 a.m.–5:00 p.m.
Wednesday: 10:00 a.m.–8:00 p.m.
Thursday: 10:00 a.m.–5:00 p.m.
Friday: 10:00 a.m.–5:00 p.m.
Saturday: 10:00 a.m.–5:00 p.m.
Sunday: 10:00 a.m.–5:00 p.m.Slide9
AssyriaRoughly, three historical “periods”Old Assyrian (c. 21st-18
th
c. BC)
Middle Assyrian (c. 1365 BC to 1056 BC)
Neo-Assyrian (c. 911-600 BC)
During this period, overthrew Egypt for a time
.Slide10
Human-Headed Winged Bull
Clay Prism of Sennacherib
On the six inscribed sides of this clay prism,
King Sennacherib recorded
8
military
campaigns. . . As part of the third
campaign, he
beseiged
Jerusalem and
imposed heavy tribute on Hezekiah,
King of Judah-a story also related in
the Bible
.
This sculpture was one of a pair that
guarded the entrance to the throne room,
King Sargon II. . .composite being with the
head of a human, body and ears of a bull
and the wings of a birdSlide11
Ruins of Nineveh in Mosul https://
www.youtube.com
/
watch?v
=JTforK9Jc1k
http://
etc.usf.edu
/
maps
/pages/10800/10844/10844.htm
A
map showing the ruins of the ancient Assyrian capital of Nineveh near Mosul, Iraq. The map shows the location of the mound ruins of
Kuyunjik
and
Nebi
Yunus
, the remnants of the city walls and gateway, and the course of the
Khausar
(
Khors
) river that ran through the city.Slide12
Neo-Babylonians(sometimes called Chaldean Empire)
Neo-Babylonian rulers were motivated by the antiquity of their
heritage
Ancient artworks from the Old-Babylonian period were painstakingly restored and preserved, and treated with a respect verging on religious
reverence
Neo
-Babylonian art and architecture reached its zenith under King Nebuchadnezzar II, who ruled from 604 - 562 BC, and was a great patron of urban development, bent on rebuilding all of Babylonia's cities to reflect their former glory.
http://
www.saylor.org
/site/
wp
-content/uploads/2013/03/ARTH110-2.4-NeoBabylonia.pdfSlide13
Neo-BabyloniansIt was Nebuchadnezzar II's vision and sponsorship that turned Babylon into the immense and beautiful city of legend. The city spread over three square miles, surrounded by moats and ringed by a double circuit of walls.At the heart of the city lay the ziggurat
Etemenanki
, literally "temple of the foundation of heaven and earth." Originally seven stories high, it is believed to have provided the inspiration for the biblical story of the Tower of Babel.Slide14
It was also during this period that Nebuchadnezzar supposedly built the Hanging Gardens of Babylon, although there is no definitive archeological evidence to prove that they existed. A reconstruction of the Ishtar Gate and Processional Way was built at the Pergamon
Museum in Berlin in 1930, using the material excavated from the original site. Other parts of the gate, which include glazed brick lions and dragons are housed in different museums around the world.
http://
etc.ancient.eu
/2014/11/17/visiting-ancient-city-
babylon
/
Neo-BabyloniansSlide15
Neo-BabyloniansSome of the evidence for Neo-Babylonian art and architecture is literary. The material evidence itself is mostly fragmentary. Some of the most important fragments that survive are from the Ishtar Gate, the eighth gate to the inner city of Babylon. It was constructed in 575 BC by order of Nebuchadnezzar II, using glazed brick with alternating rows of bas-relief dragons and aurochs. Dedicated to the Babylonian goddess Ishtar, it was a double gate and its roofs and doors were made of cedar, according to the dedication plaque
http://
www.britishmuseum.org
/explore/highlights/
highlight_objects
/me/c/
cuneiform_nebuchadnezzar_ii.aspxSlide16
Cuneiform tablet with part of the Babylonian Chronicle (605-594 BC)Slide17
The Persian EmpireAfter overthrowing and unifying with the Medes, swept through the entire region between India, Africa, right up to Greece.Their religion, Zoroastrainism
, was concerned with the ethical dimensions of good and evil, concepts that alluded most of the ancient religions in the region (except the religious beliefs of the Jews/Hebrews).
Heaven, hell, good, evil, sins, a Messiah figure, virtues, etc. Slide18
Persian Empire—circa 500-300 BCSlide19
We know a lot about their artand architecture, because excellent ruins remain:Palace at Persepolis
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PeA_jo6HM-A