1 st 2 nd declensions Aug 29 2012 Latin Nouns Have 4 Features Case how a noun works in its sentence Number whether a noun is singular or plural singularone pluralmore than one ID: 257536
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Slide1
Noun Review1st/2nd declensions
Aug. 29, 2012Slide2
Latin Nouns Have 4 FeaturesCase---how a noun works in its sentence.
Number
---whether a noun is singular or plural (singular=one, plural=more than one)
Gender
---whether a noun is masculine, feminine, or neuter.
Declension
---each noun belongs to one of the 5 declensions (groups of nouns that share the same pattern of endings)Slide3
In Latin, the use of the noun is determined by its case ending
, not its place in the sentence.
There are five cases:
Nominative
-
subject and predicate
nominative
Genitive
– possession
Dative
-
indirect object
Accusative
- direct object
Ablative
– (various)Slide4
1st Declension Nouns1
st
declension nouns end in –
ae
in their genitive form (the 2
nd
form listed in the
vocab list).Most 1st declension nouns are feminine.
aqua, aquae (feminine)
:waterSlide5
Step 1 – Find the noun stem
The noun stem is found by dropping the genitive singular ending from the noun.
Dictionary entry of a noun:
Puell
a
puell
ae
, f. girl
Nominative
singular
Genitive singular
Gender
Meaning
Puell
ae
–
ae
=
puell
Noun StemSlide6
In Latin, the endings indicate the case of the noun.
(Endings)
Case
Singular
Plural
Nominative a
ae
Genitive
ae
arum
Dative
ae
is
Accusative am as
Ablative
a is
Example:
insularum = plural genitive
Write these down!Slide7
Step 2: Add the case endings to the noun stem.
Nominative
Genitive
Dative
Accusative
Ablative
Singular Plural
On your whiteboard, decline the following 2 nouns:
via,
viae
(f.) and aqua,
aquae
(f.)Slide8
2nd Declension Nouns2
nd
declension nouns end in –
i
in the genitive singular.
Most 2
nd
declension nouns are masculine or neuter.Let’s learn how to decline a 2nd declension noun on its “declension chart.”Slide9
Step 1 – Find the noun stemThe noun stem is found by dropping the genitive singular ending from the noun.
Dictionary entry of a noun:
servus
serv
i
,
m. slave
Nominative
singular
Genitive singular
Gender
Meaning
serv
i
–
i
=
serv-
Noun StemSlide10
In Latin, the endings indicate the case of the noun.
(Masc. Endings)
Case
Singular
Plural
Nominative -us/-
er
/-
ir
-
i
Genitive -
i
-
orumDative -o -is
Accusative -um -os
Ablative -o -is
Write these down!Slide11
In Latin, the endings indicate the case of the noun.
servus
,
servi
(m.) --- slave
Case
Singular
Plural
Nominative
serv
us
serv
i
Genitive servi
servorum
Dative servo
servis
Accusative servum servosAblative servo
serv
is
Your turn! Try
equus
,
equi
(m.) --- horseSlide12
2nd declension neuter nouns have 3 different endings than masculine.
factum,
facti
(n.) --- deed
Case
Singular
Plural
Nominative
fact
um
fact
a
Genitive
fact
i fact
orumDative fact
o factis
Accusative factum facta
Ablative facto fact
is
Your turn! Try
templum
,
templi
(n.) --- temple