Chapter 7 By Ashley Dziedzic and Shawn Brodie According to Karl Popper Basic idea is that no scientific idea is ever totally confirmed The best science can do is to show that test after test fails to ID: 433868
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Slide1
Philosophy of Social Science And Education ResearchChapter 7
By Ashley
Dziedzic
and Shawn BrodieSlide2
According to Karl Popper
Basic idea is that no scientific idea is ever totally confirmed
The best science can do is to show that test after test fails to refute the ideaScience grows by continuing testing and retesting ideas to prove they are falseScientific claims must be stated in such a way that it is clear what sort of evidence would falsify them
How Does Science Grow?Slide3
Karl Popper Video on Justified Truth
Click the link if the video does not load
http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=VTFcNDJqyts Slide4
The American Psychological Association (APA) had to deal with recovered memories for victims of abuse
Some psychologists insisted repressed memories of abuse can and have been recovered.
Others believe memories are constructed in the brain by the process of psychoanalytic methods and should be cast in doubtHow do you disprove memories without attacking and blaming the victim?
What about the
Unprovable
?Slide5
What about the Unprovable?
Click the link if the video does not load
http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=XRW-m_8nZzw Slide6
Imre
Lakatos tried to redefine Popper’s ideas and better describe the process by which science proceeds.The concern is not with a specific hypothesis but with the results of the parent theory guiding the research.This is valuable for educators because it focuses on the programs of research rather than specific, individual research.
Redefining the Scientific ProcessSlide7
Thomas Kuhn's: Science Grows Through Evolution
Kuhn's theory looked at the APA controversy a new
paradigm.Paradigm: a pattern or model. Describes distinct concepts or thought patterns in any scientific discipline or other epistemological context.Kuhnian
Paradigm = basic theory, set of concepts and ways of working that guide a particular branch of science for some interval of time
New Paradigms in research cover up old paradigms which result in a, “paradigm clash.”
Kuhn focused on paradigms that succeeded and the changes they induced
When related to science and research, Kuhn argued that workers in A, could not criticize those who worked in B because they worked in different worlds. This very concept is relative to the education system we see today.Slide8
Paradigm Video
click the link if the video does not load
http://
www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=3cp6pEzx3uw
Slide9
Which is better, Qualitative Research or Quantitative Research
?
Quantitative ResearchTheory drivenProceeds by testing hypothesesAims for generalization
Data is in the form of numbers and statistics
Qualitative Research
Regarded as more exploratory
The
aim is a complete, detailed description
Data is in the form of
descriptive (words, pictures, etc.)
Educational Research DebateSlide10
Quantitative research was perceived as “normal science”
The educational research community felt that physical science approach (quantitative) to research was inadequate for the study of education
Qualitative methods (ethnographic studies, case studies, historical summaries, etc.) were felt to help better understand why some methods work some students, teachers, or situations, but fails with others
Educational Research DebateSlide11
Currently, the U.S. government has placed an emphasis on randomized experiments for education research
Current laws (IDEA and NCLB) requires that programs are “scientifically-based” for core academic areas and to meet the needs of all students
Scientifically-based means having at least two scientific studies done
Educational Research DebateSlide12
The exclusive use of randomized experiments is debated. It is based off of the medical research field and requirements. Some faults of this are:
It ignores the crucial fact that the model has limitations
Education is very different from the field of medicineInsistence on one form of scientific research is short-sighted and sacrifices the significant contribution of other forms
Insistence on the use of randomized experiments neglects ethical problems by having one group be the treatment group while the
other is the control group
Randomized experiment is just one type of scientific
research and scientific research is just one form of
educational
research
Educational Research DebateSlide13
What Works
Clearinghouse
http://ies.ed.gov/ncee/wwc/ Center for RTIhttp://www.rti4success.org/
AERA: American Educational Research Association
Http
://www.aera.net/
NCER: National Center for Education Research
http
://www.ies.ed.gov/ncer
RER: Review of Educational Research
http
://www.rer.sagepub.com/
ERIC: World's Largest Digital Library of Educational Research
http
://www.eric.ed.gov
/
Where to Find Educational Research