Science Mock Exam Review - PowerPoint Presentation

Slide1

Science Mock Exam Review

2012-2013Slide2

Work = Force x Distance

1)

Amy uses 20N of force to push a lawn mower 10 meters. How much work does she do?

2) How much work does an elephant do while moving a circus wagon 20 meters with a pulling force of 200N?

3) A 900N mountain climber scales a 100m cliff. How much work is done by the mountain climber?

4) Shawn uses 45N of force to stop the cart 1 meter from running his foot over. How much work does he do?Slide3

Evolution - Natural

Selection

A

group of early giraffes lives in a lush forest with many trees and shrubs of different heights to feed on. These giraffes have necks of various lengths, with most giraffes having a medium length neck. Then a blight passed through the area, killing off all of the low growing plants, leaving only tall trees whose leaves are far off the ground. Giraffes with shorter necks now have a hard time getting food, while those with longer necks can feed on the high-growing leaves. After several generations, the giraffes in this area all have longer necks than those before the blight.

According to the theory of natural selection, how did this happen?Slide4

Periodic Table Organization

Scandium (Sc), Titanium (Ti), and Vanadium (V), occupy the same period on the periodic table. These elements all contain the same number

of

_____________ whereas Sodium (Na), Potassium (K), and Rubidium (Rb) have the same number of ____________.Slide5

Outer Level Electron Stability

Which one of the following elements listed below has the most stable outer level electron configuration (# of valence electrons)?

Mg

Kr

Li

HeSlide6

Electromagnetic Waves

& Wavelengths of Stars

If you were to look at the light wavelength emitted from a star, you observe that Star A has a long

wavelength (red in color)

while Star B has a short

wavelength (blue in color). Knowing what you know regarding the Doppler effect, create a statement that best describes

the motion of each

star?Slide7

Weather Fronts

Condensation that produces cloud and precipitation accompanies the leading edge of most weather fronts because as the frontal boundaries pass, it causes

:

Draw a diagram of both Warm and Cold FrontsSlide8

Newton's

Second Law

Force = mass x acceleration

Look at the following image. Determine what is occurring when looking at the forces, masses and acceleration.

If the masses for both A and B are the same, then to move the same distance with the same acceleration, the forces must be: __________

If the mass of A is larger than B, then for them to travel the same distance, the forces must be:_________.Slide9

Balanced & Unbalanced Forces

Four forces are applied to the object below. If no other forces are applied to the object, what direction will the object move?

A- 4N

B- 9N

C- 4N

D- 3NSlide10

Food Webs

According to the image right, if there were less frogs to eat, which of the statements, below are

true

?

The number of snakes would

____________ because

The number of grasshoppers would

__________

because

The

number of rabbits would

_________ because

A ___________ in

the amount of frogs would have

__________________on

the fox population. Slide11

Natural Selection

A population of arboreal rodents lives in one species of pine tree. These pine trees have very evenly spaced branches of uniform thickness. Rodents that are too small cannot reach between the branches to move around in the tree. Rodents that are too big and heavy break through the branches and fall out of the trees. The rodent population contains adults of very uniform size. What type of selection has created this uniform size distribution in these rodents

?Slide12

Newton’s

First Law of Inertia

Using the graph right,

Between what time intervals is the speed constant?

Between what time interval is the object stationary?

Between what time intervals is the object changing directions?Slide13

Periodic Table and Atomic Structure

The periodic table is a list of elements consisting of chemically neutral atoms, organized by increasing atomic number. Determine how many protons, neutrons, and electrons are in each of the following elements below:

Silicon

Neon

Magnesium

Vanadium

Gold

Slide14

Moon Phases

Based on the graph right, on which date is ____ going to occur?

Waning gibbous

Waxing gibbous

Waning crescent

Waxing crescent

The next Full moonSlide15

Law of Inertia

Describe the motion of the man standing in the aisle if:

The bus suddenly accelerated.

Slammed on the brakes

Turned sharply right

Turned sharply leftSlide16

Plate Tectonics and Convection Currents

At the mid ocean ridge, describe the motion of the convection currents. Draw arrows indicating direction of flowSlide17

Density Calculations

A group of students performed a lab where they were given several unknown substances. They were able to find the mass and the volumes of each. Using the table above, determine the unknowns used in the lab based on the data given.

Unknown 1: mass = 13.0 g, volume 13.0 mL

Unknown 2: mass = 241.25 g , volume = 12.5 mL

Unknown 3: mass = 34.35 g , volume = 0.0192 mL

Unknown 4: mass = 1.36 g , volume = 0.100 mLSlide18

Continental Drift

Which one of the following conditions would indicate that the Theory of Continental Drift is in fact true regarding the current position of the continents? Why?

Fossils of tropical plants are being found in polar regions of Antarctica.

Identical Rock deposits containing Basalt are found on two different continents over 3000 miles away.

Diamonds with similar chemical signatures are being mined on the eastern coasts of South America and Western Africa.

Fossils of ancient sea creatures are being found in mountainous regions due to uplift caused by converging plates. Slide19

Earth, Sun, Moon Relationships and Tidal Movements

Using the image below, indicate at which position of the Earth, Sun, and moon, would either high or low tides exist

. Spring and Neap tides…Also indicate the moon phases of A-D.

Sun

Earth

D

A

B

CSlide20

Movement of Matter, Energy, & Heat in an Ecosystem

Look at the diagram left and describe the movement of matter, energy, and heat within the ecosystem.Slide21

Graph Interpretation

On the graph below, describe the type of speed changes occurring.

A

B

C

D

E

TIME

D

I

S

T

A

N

C

ESlide22

Constant Speed and Balanced Forces

An object is moving at a constant speed of 20 m/s. After the first minute, a new force acts upon the object, pushing the object forward. Estimate the speed on the table over an 8 minute period if acceleration is constant.

Start

1 min

2 min

3 min

4 min

5 min

6 min

7 min

8 min

20 m/s Slide23

Star Classification

& HR Diagram

Look at the axis on the HR Diagram left. Determine both the luminosity and temperature of the following stars:

Sirius

Pollux

Rigel

Betelgeuse

PolarisSlide24

Populations Within an Ecosystem

For the following conditions for a species, determine where on the population graph they would occur:

Lack of Predation

Food resources became limited.

Weather conditions destroyed

habitats - Catastrophes

More individuals were able to mateSlide25

Plate Movements

Using the following diagram, state which plate movements form:

volcanic mountains

Folded mountains

Trenches

Island arcs

Rift zones/valleys

Mid ocean ridge systems

FaultsSlide26

Weather Maps and Frontal Boundaries

Look at the weather map above, determine what weather Texas and North Carolina will experience before and after the fronts pass. Also state the wind direction behind each front.Slide27

Periodic Table Organization

Understanding the reason why elements are arranged on the periodic table, determine what each set of elements have in common (be specific):

Chlorine, Bromine, Astatine

P, S, Al

Be, Mg, Ba

Lead, Bismuth, PoloniumSlide28

Physical

vs..

Chemical Changes

Determine which of the following are physical

vs..

chemical changes upon heating. State why.

Changing from a solid to a liquid

Changing from a colorless liquid to a dark solid

Changing from a liquid to a gas.

Placing a white solid into a clear liquid and gas bubbles form

.

Mixing two liquids and a white solid forms.Slide29

Seasons and the Tilt of the Earth

Looking at the following diagram, using the Northern hemisphere in your reasoning, determine the reason why we experience 4 distinct seasons on Earth

. Identify each solstice and equinoxSlide30

Sea Floor Spreading

Looking at the diagram below, describe the mechanism for sea-floor spreading at divergent (separating) boundaries.Slide31

Speed

vs..

Velocity

From the following information, calculate the objects speed (km/minute) and velocity.

The hiker traveled 13.4 km in 7.54 hours over the mountains with a compass heading of 324 degrees northwest.Slide32

Potential

vs..

Kinetic Energy

Analyze the following diagram. Determine the energy changes at points A &

B and as she moves from point A to Point B.Slide33

Law of Conservation of Matter

Determine which of the following equations follow the law of conservation of mass.

2 CaBr -> 2 Ca + Br2

2 H2 + O2 -> 2 H2O

2MgCl + H2O -> MgO + 2 HCl

2LiCl + Ca(OH)2 -> 2LiOH + CaCl2Slide34

Food webs and Population Impact

From the following food web, determine what would happen to

the snakes if coyotes which feed on mice and frogs were introduced into the system. Slide35

Atomic Structure

Create the Bohr model for each of the following elements, showing all subatomic particles, locations, and charges

. Determine the Lewis dot structures for each.

Sodium

Ca

Gallium

C

Phosphorus

O

NeonSlide36

Reading a Velocity

vs..

Time Graph

Determine the distance traveled between line segments:

A-B

B-C

C-DSlide37

Biotic

vs.

Abiotic Factors

Biotic factors also known as living factors (other organisms, food resources,

etc.)

and abiotic factors, known as non-living factors (weather, climate, air, sun, and water) are in each ecosystem in various amounts.

What would happen concerning biotic and abiotic factors concerning two species of consumers in the same ecosystem?Slide38

Seasons and the Tilt of the Earth

Looking at the following diagram, using the Northern hemisphere in your reasoning, label the diagram for winter solstice (Dec 21), summer solstice (June 21), vernal equinox (March 20) and autumnal equinox (September 22).Slide39

Newton's

Third Law

For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.

Describe the forces exerted in the following image: Slide40

Tropic levels

When looking at the tropic levels and the energy pyramid at right, what does it represent? How much energy is passed from one level to the next?Slide41

Sexual

vs.

Asexual Reproduction

The difference between sexual and asexual reproduction is that during sexual reproduction, it takes two parents to make an offspring while in asexual reproduction, it only takes 1 parent to make an offspring that is genetically identical.

What is an advantage that organism that reproduce sexually have over organisms that reproduce asexually?Slide42

Newton's

Second Law

F=mass x acceleration

A boat weighing 545 kg is powered by a motor that puts out a force of 350N. Determine the acceleration of the boat.

A man weighing 107.6 kg accelerates at 1.2 m/s/s. determine the force he is having to generate.

The baseball player throws a baseball at 65 m/s/s with a force of 29.25N. Determine the mass of the baseball.

A man pulls a box weighing 45kg with a force of 30N against a force of friction of 8N. Determine the acceleration of the box.Slide43

What do all living organisms have in common?

It doesn't matter the organism, all organisms are made of ...Slide44

Body System Interactions

Body systems interact to carry out many functions in the human body. From the list below, identify what 2 body systems work together to perform each function.

Carrying oxygen to supply muscles

Moving your hand away after touching something hot

Sweating

due to temperature

changes

Filtering the bloodSlide45

Weathering & Erosion

What would happen to the cross-section diagram below if weathering and erosion continued to transpire over

time upstream?Slide46

Chemical Formulas

2 Mg

3

(PO

4

)

2

How many atoms are in the above compound?

How many different elements?Slide47

Organic Compounds

Which of the following compounds are organic compounds?

C

8

H

10

N

4

O

2

H

2

O

CO

2

C

6

H

12

O

6Slide48

Physical and Chemical changes in Digestion

Explain the physical and chemical changes that happen to food when you eat it.Slide49

Elements

vs..

Compounds

If the definition for compound is a combination of more than one type of element chemically combined, using the following shapes (assume each shape a different element) draw an example of three types of compounds.Slide50

Metals, Nonmetals, Metalloids

LUSTER

CONDUCTIVITY

MALLEABILITY

METAL

NONMETAL

METALLOIDSlide51

Energy Transformations

Describe the energy transformations that take place in the following scenarios:

Gasoline in a car to make it run

Flashlight battery to light

Photosynthesis

Eating a cheeseburger

Fire burningSlide52

The Sun

Describe the Sun in terms of size, brightness or luminosity, color, and location to Earth compared to other stars in the universe.Slide53

Light Years

Light travels at almost 300, 000 kilometers a second. This distance is known as a light-second. The distance it takes light to travel in a minute is known as a light- minute. You can tell what a light-hour is. Which of the following would be measured in light-years and not in light-seconds, light-minutes, or light-hours?

A

. The time it takes light to travel from the Sun to the Earth.

B.

The time it takes each planet to complete one revolution.

C

. The distance between the Sun and Neptune.

D

. The distance from Earth to

Polaris.Slide54

Topographic Maps

How would this topographic map change if weathering were causing land erosion?

The numbers would be larger.

The numbers would be smaller

The numbers would be reversedSlide55

Watershed

1. What is a watershed?

2. How do humans affect the groundwater and surface water in a watershed?Slide56

Biodiversity

1. What is biodiversity?

Imagine a forest with only one species of tree. A disease specific to that species infects one tree. Because the trees are all the same, the disease is then spread from tree to tree killing all of the trees.

2. How could you prevent an entire forest from being destroyed?Slide57

Ecological Succession

1. Describe the steps of ecological succession after a tornado destroys a forest.

2. Is this primary or secondary succession?

3. Describe the steps of ecological succession after a volcanic eruption of lava covers the area.

4. Is this primary or secondary succession?

5. Can ecological succession occur in a pond? If so, how?Slide58

Dichotomous Keys

Remember to choose between the two choices based on the characteristics of the object you are trying to identify. (Basic example)Slide59

Animal and Plant Cells

Complete a VENN Diagram comparing animal and plant cells organelles.

Cell membrane, cell wall, nucleus, cytoplasm, vacuole, mitochondrion, and chloroplast

Animal Both PlantSlide60

Ecological Succession

Describe the steps of ecological succession after a tornado destroys a forest.

Is this primary or secondary succession?

Describe the steps of ecological succession after a volcanic eruption of lava covers the area.

Is this primary or secondary succession?

Can ecological succession occur in a pond? If so, how?Slide61

Heredity

Inherited traits

are governed in

Genetic Material (DNA)

f

ound in the

Genes

w

ithin

Chromosomes

in the

NucleusSlide62

Basic Characteristics of Organisms

Organisms are classified based on the following characteristics. Describe each characteristic.

Prokaryotic or Eukaryotic

Unicellular or Multicellular

Autotrophic or Heterotrophic

Sexual Reproduction or Asexual Reproduction