Wars between Greeks and Persians in 5 th century BC Roughly from 492 448 BC Two main invasions of Greece by Achaemenid kings of Persia Herodotus primary historian Map pf Persian Empire ID: 394269
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Slide1
The Persian Wars
Wars between Greeks and Persians in 5
th
century BC
Roughly from 492 – 448 BC
Two main invasions of Greece by
Achaemenid
kings of Persia
Herodotus – primary historianSlide2
Map pf Persian EmpireSlide3
Battle of Marathon
Ionian revolt and other battles
490 BC - Darius I “The Great” sent about 25,000 men to plains of Marathon
Darius preceded by Cyrus the Great and Cambyses
10,000 Athenians and
Plataeans
under
Callinachus
and
Miltiades
First victory for GreeksSlide4
Battle at Thermopylae
480 BC
Xerxes – King of Persia, son of Darius I
70,000 Persians bridged the
Hellespont
10,000 “Immortals”
Themistocles
led
navy
at Athens
Athens and Sparta form alliance
Decide to defend at
Thermopylae
Leonidas I and 300 Spartans and 1000
BoetiansSlide5
Map of Thermopylae invasionSlide6
Battle of Salamis, also 480 BC
Athens evacuated after Thermopylae
Athens burned
N
avy waiting around island Salamis
Themistocles’ ruse
Confined waters around Salamis
Egyptians,
Phoenecians
, Ionian Greeks
40 Greek ships lost, 200 Persian ships lost
Queen Artemisia of HalicarnassusSlide7
Map of Battle of SalamisSlide8
Battle of Plataea, 479 BC
Xerxes I had left a land army under
Mardonius
Spartans and Athenians rode up
Met at isthmus of Corinth
Mardonius
fledSlide9
The Delian
League, 478 BC
Ionian city-states joined for mutual protection
Treasuary
on
island of Delos, Aristides leads Athens
Athens
in charge due to naval supremacy
Pericles
leads Athens during Golden Age
Parthenon, Long Walls built
Sparta captures Athens in 404 BCSlide10
Peloponnesian Wars
Begins in 431 BC between Athens and Sparta
429 BC – Pericles dies of plague
Three stage war
Most of
Delian
League sided with Sparta
404 BC – Sparta wins war with defeat of Athenian navy at Aegospotami by Lysander with help from Persia
Lysander installs 30 rulers at Athens, later known as the “30 Tyrants”Slide11
The Thirty Tyrants
Spartan hegemony
Long Walls destroyed
Athenian oligarchy appointed by Sparta led by
Critias
Leading democrats exiled
Council of 500 were the judiciary
Only 3000 Athenian had citizenship
Many sentenced to hemlockSlide12
End of Thirty Tyrants
Other city-states helped exiled democrats
Retook Piraeus by force
Sparta did not come to help
Democracy restored in 403 BCSlide13
Rise of Macedonia
Philip II