During the war the Allied leaders met often to discuss war strategy they would also discuss what would happen once victory was achieved Of the seven conferences that occurred there were three that were regarded as being the most important ID: 588592
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War-time Conferences
During the war, the Allied leaders met often to discuss war strategy; they would also discuss what would happen once victory was achievedOf the seven conferences that occurred, there were three that were regarded as being the most important:
Tehran, Nov-Dec 1943:Held in IranIt was the time where the big three (Roosevelt, Churchill, & Stalin) metThe meeting did not achieve much, but cordial relations were established between the two democratic leaders and the dictator, StalinSlide2
Wartime Conferences II
Yalta, Feb 1945:Southern Soviet UnionNumerous decisions re: Germany were madeGermany would be divided into “zones of occupation” once the war ended
War Crimes court would be est. in NuremburgStalin promised to hold “free” elections in the countries he liberated from the NazisHe did not do this…
Potsdam, July 1945:
Held near Berlin
Former war Allies (war over) were to make decisions about the future of Germany
Supposed to be a planning session for the peace conferenceDemocrats and Communist no longer trusted each otherSet the stage for the next war instead, that being the Cold WarSlide3
Canada after WWII: The Effects
Economic Effects:Canada’s economy grew due to all of its contributions to the war effortEconomy boomed, but so to did the national debt = $10 billionIndustrial and manufacturing production grew to overtake agriculture as the #1 economic sector in Canada
Politics:CAN gained international recognition, est. as a “middle player”, took on a greater role world-wideCAN played a big role in creation of United Nations CAN troops recognized for action in Dieppe, Hong Kong, Normandy, and the Liberation of Holland
PM King averted conscription crisis
CAN government became more involved in live of Canadians, social safety net was strengthened
Civil Rights improved, contribution of ethnic groups advanced the causeSlide4
Canada after WWII: Effects II
Social Effects:Women gained greater recognition for their contribution to the war effortCanada became a more tolerant nation, as it eventually
accepted displaced persons and refugees from Europe.Canada experienced a “baby boom”, and a significant way of immigrants (included “war brides”)Canada lost 42,000 to the warSlide5
WWII CasualtiesSlide6
Immigration to CAN post WWII
Pier 21:Much like after WWI, Pier 21 in Halifax, NS was a portal for immigrants to Canada after WWII1947, it officially reopened for processing immigrants
Big challenge, processing all of the war brides from England, Scotland, and Wales48,000 war brides and 22,000 children were processed at Pier 21; 500,000 other newcomers arrived at Pier 21 including displaced people and refugeesSlide7
A quick recap: D-Day June 6/44
Normandy Landing: Operation Overlord:Allied invasion of German-held Europe (Coast of France). Planned to use naval and aerial bombardment to knock out German defencesOne year in preparation, most complex military operation every attempted
Largest CAN military operation of WWII: 14,000 Soldiers, 100 ships, and 36 bomber squadrons from RCAFCAN forces were assigned the beachfront code-named Juno – 8 kms of coastline, 1 of 5 targets at Normandy
P. 102Slide8
D-Day Recap II
Within one week, 300,000 Allied soldiers on the shores of Normandy – after one month: 1 million soldiers & 200,000 Allied military vehiclesAllies finally had a foothold in Europe from which they could begin pushing back the German armiesCasualties:
5,000 CAN, more than 200,000 Allies in total. Germany 200,000 killed, wounded or missing; equal number captured Germany lost similar amount of soldiers, however they were beginning to run low on replacements; Allies seemed to have a limitless supply…Slide9
Liberation of Holland, May 1945
Following D-Day, Canadian troops distinguished themselves in a year long battle with the Allied forces pushing the German armies out of France and Western EuropeMay 5, 1945, Canadian forces drove the Nazis out of Holland, forcing their retreat & surrender.Important: allowed Allies to keep on moving forward towards GermanySlide10
Berlin, 1945
Late April 1945, Soviet & American forces met in Germany, south of Berlin. Soviets turned their attention to destroying the city…
April 30, 1945: Hitler commits suicide… or did he?Some say he, along with Eva Braun committed suicide, their bodies then torched, some say he fled to Argentina and lived to 73 years dying in 1962…Only “real” evidence is dental records from remains that the Russians said they had found in a crater near Hitler’s bunker, these remains were “destroyed” in 1970… (Side note: Stalin really really wanted proof of Hitler’s death)
Other “sources” say these records were tested in 2009, and came back as belonging to a female..Slide11
V-E Day
May 8, 1945 – V-E Day was declared when the last German Troops SurrenderedSlide12
End of WWII in Pacific
March 1945, Americans began the systematic fire bombing of Tokyo. It was believed that this would urge the Japanese to surrender. There were many losses of life and property, but no surrender…Prior to this, the United States had another plan up their sleeve
P.
105Slide13
Manhattan Project
March 1943, USA had funded a very secret, very expensive project to determine if they could create Atomic Bombs1945, Pres. Harry S. Truman (Roosevelt died earlier that year) learned of successful Atomic test…He now had another option to end the war in the Pacific Top-secret effort cost $2 Billion and employed 120,000 personnel
“Fat Man” & “Little Boy”Slide14
Truman’s Decision
June 1, 1945: US Secretary of War recommended that the bombs should be dropped without warning on Japanese military targets in an Urban SettingUS Scientists felt that dropping the bomb over an isolated area, giving the Japanese an example of what could come was best ideaTruman rejected this, stating it was “impractical” and had no trouble making a “military” decision
Felt that this would shorten the war and save American livesSlide15
Hiroshima, Aug 1945
If USA attempted a conventional attack on Japan, USA military planners could expect 1 to 1.5 million casualties and 12-18 months of fightingTherefore, Truman elected to drop “Little Boy” on City of Hiroshima (340,000 inhabitants)Ground Zero: 540,000 degree Fahrenheit; beyond “meltdown zone” there was an immense firestorm gutted the city, destroying 60,000 of 92,000 buildings
Official death count: 78,000 – 60,000 later died of bomb-related injuries or diseases…Slide16
Nagasaki:
August 9, 1945Since Japan did not surrender immediately, Truman ordered that “Fat Man” on NagasakiOf 250,000 inhabitants, 35,000 killed170,000 people killed as a result of A-bombsSlide17
V-J Day, August 14, 1945
On August 14, Victory in Japan was established as the Japanese Government sued for peaceWorld War II was “officially” over…