Issues concerning the health and welfare of the animal Difficulties associated with human intervention Methods and routes used to achieve euthanasia Whale Entanglement and Euthanasia DMNS Jan Lyons CVT AAS ID: 384001
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Whale entanglement has become an issue not only to the animals but to the environment and fishing industry.Issues concerning the health and welfare of the animalDifficulties associated with human interventionMethods and routes used to achieve euthanasia
Whale Entanglement and
Euthanasia- DMNS
Jan Lyons, C.V.T., A.A.S.,
CPhTSlide2Slide3Slide4
Right WhaleSlide5
Floating gill netsSlide6
Bottom gill netsSlide7
Traps, Buoys and Line ArraySlide8
Diagram of netting around the mouthSlide9
Entanglement around dorsal fin, pectorals and flukeSlide10
Netting around the fluke Slide11
Fluke with netting and buoysSlide12
Dorsal fin involvement and injurySlide13
Line embedded in tissueSlide14
Fishing net around the mouthSlide15
Injury sustained from fishing gear
“Ruffian” spotted in 2008 after entanglementSlide16
Aerial view of entanglementSlide17
Line being dragged by flukeSlide18
Emaciated WhaleSlide19
Rescue team attempting to untangleSlide20Slide21
Specialized knife and telescoping pole utilized to
attempt to free the whale of gearSlide22
Euthanasia ProcedureSlide23
AVMA definition of euthanasia- the use of humane techniques to induce the most rapid and painless and distress free death possible.Criteria for euthanasia
:
The cetacean is stranded
Unable to swim
Judged to have a very low likelihood of medium to long term survival.
Demeanor
Weak respirations
Failure to refloat after 2 high tidesSlide24
Excitement phase from some injectable drugsTime for death to occurInexperienced personnelCost
Disposal of body
Public view and relations
Procedure being done improperly
Complications:Slide25
IC- intracardiacIV- intravenousIM- intramuscular
IP- within the abdomen
IN- intranasal
Sublingual- under the tongue
Intrahepatic
- within the liver
Routes of Administration for
injectablesSlide26
ImplosionBallisticsExplosive grenade Powergel Magnum ExplosiveDart gunExsanguinationSpinal lancePithing
Physical MethodsSlide27
Delivery method for injectablesSlide28
Specialized needle for delivering euthanasia solutions.Length = 1 meter ( 39 inches)Outer diameter = 21 mm (13/16 inch)Inner diameter = 12 mm ( less than ½ inch)
Tubing hooked up to a pressure sprayer
Needle is custom made for the procedure and is costlySlide29
$1000.00 for customized needle$500.00 for combination of three sedativesGenerally a “cocktail” $500.00 for KCL- Potassium ChlorideCost can increase or decrease with the size of the animal or the number that have been stranded.
Costs for
injectable
method:Slide30
Sedatives: delivered prior to euthanasiaValium®/diazepam
Versed®/
midazolam
Atravet
/ ®
acepromazine
Rompum
®/
xylazine
Telazol
®/
tiletamine
Ketalar
® /
Ketamine
®
Recommended
injectable
medicationsSlide31
Sodium PentobarbitalMajor issues involved with the use of this drugDifficult to dispose of the carcass after medication has been delivered.Concentration of the medication
Controlled substance- CII
Euthanasia Agents used:Slide32
KCL- Potassium ChlorideAction of this drugDosageEnvironmental impactRoute of administration
It is strongly recommended the animal be sedated prior to administration of the drug.
Currently accepted agent:Slide33
Penthrite Grenade Slide34
Powergel
Magnum ExplosiveSlide35Slide36Slide37Slide38Slide39
Help protect future generations!Slide40
Euthanasia of beached humpback whales using explosivesDouglas K. Coughran, Ian Stiles and Peter R. MawsonRecommendations for Euthanasia of Stranded CetaceansNOAA, Virginia Aquarium
Large Whale Euthanasia: Options, Approaches and Welfare Considerations
Dr. Cheryl Rosa, DVM, PhD
IWC- International Whaling Committee
Collaborative Development of Recommendations for
Euthanasia for Stranded Cetaceans
Resources: