Hybridization between the - PDF document

1 Hybridization between the metal and oxy
Hybridization between the metal and oxygen orbitals Xiaoshan Xu Approximation of ionic/valence bonding Li + F - The lithium atom loses an electron and the fluorine atom gains an electron and they are both charged. Valence of the Li and F are +1 and - 1. The two hydrogen atoms share a pair of electrons. Most ionic bonds are in between č Nominal Mo 4+ S 2 2 - č Actual numbers are much smaller, it also dep

2 ends on the direction Quantum mechanica
ends on the direction Quantum mechanical view of bonding and hybridization b a a b a b ࡹ ౛ ࡹ ౚ Þ­ ౚ Þ­ ౛ Without bonding With bonding Anti - bonding state Bonding state Þ¾ ౚ ි ෌ ߂ ౚ ߇ ஼ Ö¬ ߔ ෌ Ö¬ ߔ ౚ Þ¾ ౛ ි ෌ ߂ ౛ ߇ ஼ Ö¬ ߔ ෌ Ö¬ ߔ ౛ Þ° ි Ö¶ ಴ ஼౦ ࡞ ஼ ෋ Þ¾ ౚ ෋ Þ¾ ౛ . Þ­ ౚ ි ࡹ ౚ ෋ ϼ Þ¾ ౚౚ౛ Þ¾ ౛౛ౚ Ϻ ( ࡹ ౚ ෌ ࡹ ౛ ) Þ

3 ­ ౛ ි ࡹ ౛ ෌ ϼ Þ¾ ౚౚ౛ Þ¾
­ ౛ ි ࡹ ౛ ෌ ϼ Þ¾ ౚౚ౛ Þ¾ ౛౛ౚ Ϻ ( ࡹ ౚ ෌ ࡹ ౛ ) ࡶ ౚ ි ࡼ ౚ ෋ Þ¾ ౛౛ౚ Ϻ ( ࡹ ౚ ෌ ࡹ ౛ ) ࡼ ౛ ࡶ ౛ ි ࡼ ౛ ෌ Þ¾ ౚౚ౛ Ϻ ࡹ ౚ ෌ ࡹ ౛ ࡼ ౚ Þ¾ ౚౚ౛ Ú¦ ෕ ࡼ ౚ ʇ Þ¾ ౚ ʇ ࡼ ౛ ූ ʇ Þ¾ ౛౛ౚ ʇ ු ʇ Þ¾ ౚౚ౛ ʇ How to calculate hybridization ߜ Þ¾ ౚౚ౛ Ú¦ ෕ ࡶ ౚ Þ¾ ౚ ࡶ ౛ ූ Ú¦ Þ¾ ౦ ൒ ɧ ౦

4 ൓ ࡶ ౚ ි ߁ à±¥ ൒ ɧ ౦ ൒ à
൓ ࡶ ౚ ි ߁ ౥ ൒ ɧ ౦ ൒ ࡦ ౚ ɧ फ़ ࡶ ౛ ි ߁ ౥ ൓ ɧ ౦ ൓ ࡦ ౛ ɧ फ़ Common ࡼ ޾ ౚ does not depend on ࡼ So ޾ ౦ ൒ ɧ ౦ ൓ ි I ௱ ೝ ࡢ ౦ ൒ ɧ ౦ ൓ When ߏ ౚ ි ϸ , it is called a ࡰ bond When ߏ ౚ ි Ϲ , it is called a ࡮ bond When ߏ ౚ ි Ϻ , it is called a ࡢ bond Examples between d and p orbitals ߜ For d orbitals, ߏ ි ෍

5 Ϻ ɧ ෍ Ϲ ɧ ϸ The wave function ca
Ϻ ɧ ෍ Ϲ ɧ ϸ The wave function can be written as Ý­ ʇ ߎ ි Ϻ ɧ ߏ ි Ϻ ɧ Ý­ ʇ Ϻ ɧ ෌ Ϻ ɧ Ý­ ʇ Ϻ ɧ Ϲ ɧ Ý­ ʇ Ϻ ɧ ෌ Ϲ ɧ Ý­ ʇ Ϻ ɧ ϸ . Another useful way of expression for the orbitals are Ý­ ʇ Ϻ ߜ ஼ ෌ ߚ ஼ ෌ ߛ ஼ ි Ý­ ʇ Ϻ ɧ ϸ Ý­ ʇ ߚߜ ි Ϲ Ϻ ( Ý­ ʇ Ϻ ɧ Ϲ ෋ Ý­ ʇ Ϻ ɧ ෌ Ϲ ) Ý­ ʇ ߛߜ ි Ϲ Ϻ ( Ý­ ʇ Ϻ ɧ Ϲ ෌ Ý­ ʇ Ϻ ɧ ෌ Ϲ ) Ý­ ʇ ߚ à

6 ®¼ ෌ ߛ ஼ ි Ϲ Ϻ ( Ý­ ʇ Ϻ ɧ Ϻ
®¼ ෌ ߛ ஼ ි Ϲ Ϻ ( Ý­ ʇ Ϻ ɧ Ϻ ෋ Ý­ ʇ Ϻ ɧ ෌ Ϻ ) Ý­ ʇ ߚߛ ි Ϲ Ϻ ( Ý­ ʇ Ϻ ɧ Ϻ ෌ Ý­ ʇ Ϻ ɧ ෌ Ϻ ) For p orbitals, ߏ ෍ Ϲ ɧ ϸ The wave function can be written as Ý­ ʇ ߎ ි Ϲ ɧ ߏ ි Ϲ ɧ Ý­ ʇ Ϲ ɧ ෌ Ϲ ɧ Ý­ ʇ Ϲ ɧ ϸ . Another useful way of expression for the orbitals are Ý­ ʇ ߜ ි Ý­ ʇ Ϲ ɧ ϸ Ý­ ʇ ߚ ි Ϲ Ϻ ( Ý­ ʇ Ϲ ɧ Ϲ ෋ Ý­ ʇ Ϲ ɧ ෌ Ϲ ) Ý­

7 ʇ ߛ ි Ϲ Ϻ ( ݭ ʇ Ϲ ɧ Ϲ ෌ ݭ
ʇ ߛ ි Ϲ Ϻ ( ݭ ʇ Ϲ ɧ Ϲ ෌ ݭ ʇ Ϲ ɧ ෌ Ϲ ) d p Examples between d and p orbitals ߜ d p ݭ ʇ Ϻ ߜ ஼ ෌ ߚ ஼ ෌ ߛ ஼ ි ݭ ʇ Ϻ ɧ ϸ ݭ ʇ ߜ ි ݭ ʇ Ϲ ɧ ϸ ࡰ bond ߜ d p ࡮ bond ݭ ʇ ߚ ි Ϲ Ϻ ( ݭ ʇ Ϲ ɧ Ϲ ෋ ݭ ʇ Ϲ ɧ ෌ Ϲ ) ݭ ʇ ߚߜ ි Ϲ Ϻ ( ݭ ʇ Ϻ ɧ Ϲ ෋ ݭ ʇ Ϻ ɧ ෌ Ϲ ) ߜ d p No bond ݭ ʇ ߚߛ ි Ϲ Ϻ ( ݭ ʇ Ϻ ɧ Ϻ ෌ ݭ ʇ Ϻ ɧ ෌ Ϻ