Sonny Ramaswamy Norman and monococcum wheats photo courtesy of Bikram Gill Kansas State University Background image courtesy of Robert Zemetra Oregon State University Edgar S ID: 926675
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Slide1
McFadden Redux21st Century Challenges and Breeding
Sonny Ramaswamy
Norman and
monococcum wheats photo, courtesy of Bikram Gill, Kansas State UniversityBackground image, courtesy of Robert Zemetra, Oregon State University
Slide2Edgar S.
McFadden (1891-1956)
“Where there is no hope, people perish.”
Emmer photo, courtesy of Jude Maul, USDA-ARS
Bread wheat photo, courtesy of Bikram Gill, K-State
Mcfadden
and Hope wheat photo from https
://
www.sdstate.edu/impact2018/goals/goal3/landmark-discovery.cfmStem rust photo from http://www.ars.usda.gov/Main/docs.htm?docid=9910
Perseverance
Innovation
Impact
Emmer
Bread Wheat
Slide3Slide4Slide5Nutritional Security
An Existential Threat
Slide6Science
Perfect Storm
http://
rsd.gsfc.nasa.gov
/goes/pub/goes/050828.katrina.gif
Slide7Slide8Path Forward
Transformative
Discoveries21
st Century Extension Farming SystemsEducationPolicies, Regulation, MarketingHuman DimensionsCommunications
Slide9Path Forward
Slide10A
biotic Variables
Soil characteristics, nutrients,
sunlight, temperature, and other weather and climatic conditionsBiotic VariablesPlant genes and physiology, pathogenic and non-pathogenic microbes, invertebratesMicrobiomes and plant performanceE.g., Endophyte impacts on plant hormones and plant
development
Nematodes, arthropods, other invertebrates and plant performance
Productivity
Slide11Cellular Level
Gene Interactions
Gene Networks
Signalling
Environment
Organismal Level
Efficiency
Photosynthesis
Nutrient & Water Use
Environmental SignalsResource Allocation
Community Level
Interactions
Biotic
Abiotic
New Approaches/New Opportunities
Systems
Approaches
Slide12Genotyping and
Phenotyping
Technologies
High-throughput next-gen tools Data management and processing Computational infrastructureStandards for metadata for machine inter-operabilityAccess and human resourcesS
tatistical and Quantitative Genetics
G
enomic selection and new technologies (e.g., genomics, phenomics
, image analysis) for rapid, low cost breeding
Observational Science to Information Science to Predictive Science
Genotype X Environment X Management
Slide13G
enome Editing
,
Heterosis, Doubled Haploids Defined genetic changes to complement traditional marker-assisted breeding approaches Polyploids and genome
editing
challenges
G
enes
to change, delete, or substitute to enhance productivity
Optimizing heterosis and mechanisms to increase yields Innovative technologies to enable creation of high throughput doubled haploids Communicate value of genome editing technologies is an important step in easing public angst
Slide14P
roductivity and Efficiency
Photosynthesis: C3 to C4
N fixation in cerealsN, P, and water use efficiencyResistance and tolerance to biotic and abiotic constraintsNutritional TraitsE.g., Resistant starch: TCAP projectComponent of dietary fiber, reduced blood glucose and insulin levels, increased satiation,
lower cholesterol, and improved gastrointestinal
health
E.g., Bioavailability
of macro- and micronutrients in bean and rice bran: Colorado State University
Slide15Genomes to Field
Slide16#
BigData
Slide17Big Data: Milieu
Analytics
Informatics
Evidence-Based ToolsMeta-Analysis and SynthesisComplex SystemsComputational SciencesData EngineeringData MiningCloud ComputingImplementation and EvaluationData Security and Cybersecurity
Predictive Modeling
Data Visualization
Decision Analytics
Embedded SystemsMachine Learning
Multidimensional Data
Network ScienceSensor NetworksSpatial Analytics BandwidthCyberphysical Systems
Slide18Big Data: Opportunities
Open Data
is a powerful,
evidence-based
tool
for long-term
sustainable development
by improving
economic opportunities
for farmers and
health
of consumers.
Open access
to research,
meta-analysis, and open publication of data are vital resources for nutritional security.
Iain Chalmers: Cochrane Collaboration
http://www.cochrane.org
Transparent, Collaborative, Participatory
Archibald Cochrane
Slide19Big Data: Challenges
Standards
OwnershipOpen Ag Technology SystemsDecision Support Tools
Open Ag Toolkit – NIFA fundedFarmBotCostBandwithQualityCurationDisambiguationConnectivity CybersecurityStorage
Courtesy: Dennis Buckmaster; https://engineering.purdue.edu/oatsgroup/
Slide20Policies/Regulation/Marketing
Governance
Socially beneficial policies, programs
Poverty reductionEducationTrade – “glocalization”JobsEnvironmental degradation/conservation
Slide21NIFA’s Role
Slide22Slide23AFRI
Foundational
Plant Health
and Production and Plant Products ProgramPre-breeding and germplasm enhancement, cultivar development, selection theory, applied quantitative genetics, and breedingConventional breeding for development of publicly available cultivars AFRI Foundational CARE and ERG program
AFRI
Food Security
Challenge Area
Breeding and
phenomics of crops to produce varieties with improved resilience to extreme weather and increased protection from pests
Enhanced nutritional composition for improved human healthTraining next generation of plant breedersAFRI Education and Literacy InitiativeUndergraduate, predoctoral, and postdoctoral fellowshipsFunding Opportunities
Slide24NIFA International
Wheat Yield Partnership
Breakthrough breeding
, genetics, and genomicsNIFA/DOE Joint Plant Feedstock Genomics for Bioenergy Program Breeding and genomics to develop new feedstocksEarly Concept Grants for Exploratory Research (EAGER) NSF/NIFA Joint FundingBreakthrough technologies for animal and plant phenomics and
microbiomes
Plant Biotic Interactions Program NSF/NIFA Joint Funding
Processes mediating beneficial and antagonistic interactions between plants,
symbionts
, and pests
NIFA/ARPA-ETERRA Genomes to Phenomes/Field programNIFA/NIDDK Dietary BiomarkersFood specific molecular profiles and dietary biomarkers
Slide25Humans Matter
Consumers, businesses, groups, communities, towns, states and countries make decisions
Acceptance of technologies
People impacts
Social Sciences
Behavior, Choices, Attitudes
Risk and Change
Nexus of Bio-Physical and Social Sciences
Communications
Slide26….think
anew, and act anew.
- Abraham Lincoln