PPT-Barley – Molecular Breeding

IAMZ 2015 Patrick Hayes Dept Crop and Soil Science Oregon State University Corvallis Oregon USA wwwbarleyworldorg Class Outline General considerations for molecular breeding Selection tools and molecular breeding . S Barley is the worlds oldest grain as evidenced by discoveries in ancient cities in the Mideast and North Africa It has been cultivate d for about 8000 years and today is the worlds fourth largest cereal crop Ba rley as a food is most commonly ident Native to Middle East. Ancestral form is . winter habit . 2-row . hulled . The ancestral state. 2-row vs. 6-row. 1 gene/30,000 genes. Winter . vs.. Spring. . What is the difference between winter and spring barley, and what the *%^&(+ is a facultative barley? . – so many options. Impacts of . Ploidy. Changes. Changes in chromosome number and structure can have major health impacts e.g. trisomy 21. Polyploidy in cultivated and domesticated plants is widespread and of evolutionary and economic importance. Patrick Hayes. Dept. Crop and Soil Science. Oregon State University. Corvallis, Oregon USA. www.barleyworld.org. What barley was. What barley is. What barley could be . First crop domesticated (?) . Beer . Source: CMBTC. Source: CMBTC. Source: CMBTC. Source: CGC. Source: CGC. Region. 2011. 2012. 2013. 2014. 2015. Western. Canada. 7,432.0. 7,488.8. 9,748.3. 6,853.6. 7,199.5. Eastern Canada. 459.5. 523.5. Global and local considerations. Why (Barley). How (Malting). Who (Barley Research, Production and Processing). What’s next (naked barley). Random bits of science and technology. Tap Talk # 1 . Why (Barley). interventions towards fast-track development of . pigeonpea. hybrids. . Leveraging legumes to combat poverty, hunger, malnutrition and environmental degradation. 1. ICRISAT-Patancheru, India, . 2. Millennium Genomics Inc., Shenzhen, China, . Source: CMBTC. Source: CMBTC. Source: CMBTC. Source: CGC. Source: CGC. Region. 2011. 2012. 2013. 2014. 2015. Western. Canada. 7,432.0. 7,488.8. 9,748.3. 6,853.6. 7,199.5. Eastern Canada. 459.5. 523.5. Global and local considerations. Why (Barley). How (Malting). Who (Barley Research, Production and Processing). What’s next (naked barley). Random bits of science and technology. Tap Talk # 1 . Why (Barley). Outline of presentation. General . introduction. The plant . cell. DNA. Cell. . division. , . production. of . gametes. PCR. Molecular. Markers. Application in . carrot. . breeding. The plant. The plant cell. Outline of presentation. General . introduction. The plant . cell. DNA. Cell. . division. , . production. of . gametes. PCR. Molecular. Markers. Application in . carrot. . breeding. The plant. The plant cell. 5.3 . Gbp. . ~ 30,000 genes. Self-pollinated (hermaphroditic). Inflorescence type. 2-row vs. 6-row. 1 gene/30,000 genes. . Covered vs. Naked . 1 gene/30,000 genes. Growth Habit. Winter, facultative and spring. Barley is a member of the . Gramineae. family.. In Ireland Barley is grown in two forms. Feeding barley is used as an animal feed.. Malting barley is used for malting and brewing alcohol.. Barley is easily distinguished from other cereals by the awns present on the grain. Why (Barley). How (Malting). Who (Barley Research, Production and Processing). What’s next (naked barley). Random bits of science and technology. Tap Talk # 1 . Why (Barley). In the beginning there was spontaneity: .