PPT-1 Petrology Lecture 6 Generation of Basaltic Magma

GLY 4310 Spring 2020 2 Magma Series Definition A group of rocks that share some chemical and sometimes mineralogical characteristics They share patterns on chemical variation diagrams which suggests a genetic relationship beyond the scope of this course. Principal Types of Ocean Principal Types of Ocean Basins Basalt Basins Basalt Table 10 Table 10 Common petrographic differences between tholeiitic and alkaline Common petrographic differences between tholeiitic and alkaline basalts basalts Tholeiiti Lakshmi Planum is bordered on most sides by curved mountain belts (Maxwell, Freya, and Danu), as are some continents on Earth (e.g., North America). The mountain belts around Ishtar are compressional, Earth Science Fall . 2012 . Vocabulary: . aa. – jagged chunks of lava formed by rapid cooling on the surface of the lava flow . Vocabulary:. Caldera- large basin-shaped depression formed when an explosion destroys the upper part of a volcanic cone or when the magma chamber below a volcano is emptied during an eruption. Igneous Structures and . Field Relationships. GLY 4310 - Spring, 2016. 2. Viscosity and Temperature. Anhydrous rhyolitic magma . 1400. °. C - 10. 5. poise. 1000. °. C - 10. 8. poise. 3. Viscosity and Composition. Rocks that crystallized directly from a melt. Igneous rocks . Form as magma cools and crystallizes . Rocks formed inside Earth are called . plutonic. or intrusive rocks . Rocks formed on the surface . Mid-Ocean Ridge Volcanism. GLY 4310 - Spring, 2016. 2. MOR System. 3. MOR Spreading Rates. 4. Oceanic Crust Cross-Section. Figure 13-5 . Modified after Brown and . Mussett. (1993) . The Inaccessible Earth: An Integrated View of Its Structure and Composition. Chapman & Hall. London.. Mid-Ocean Ridge Volcanism. GLY 4310 - Spring, 2017. 2. MOR System. 3. MOR Spreading Rates. 4. Oceanic Crust Cross-Section. Figure 13-5 . Modified after Brown and . Mussett. (1993) . The Inaccessible Earth: An Integrated View of Its Structure and Composition. Chapman & Hall. London.. Gautam Sen. Classification of Basalts. AFM Diagram. Crystal Settling vs. Flotation. Crystal-liquid movement in a thick sill. Palaisades. Sill, NJ. Picture credit: Kevin . Chau. , FIU. Origin of Lunar Highlands . Igneous Structures and . Field Relationships. GLY 4310 - Spring, 2017. 2. Viscosity and Temperature. Anhydrous rhyolitic magma . 1400. °. C - 10. 5. poise. 1000. °. C - 10. 8. poise. 3. Viscosity and Composition. 1. Temperature. 2. Pressure. 3. Addition of fluids. Lava Flows. Pahoehoe. – hot fluid lava. Least viscous. Aa. – forms sharp rock. Blocky – chunky rock. Most viscous. Types of Volcanoes. Cinder Cone – explosive eruptions. Introduction to Petrology Francis 2014 Introductory Petrology EPSC-212B Don Francis: Room: F.D.A. 316, donald.francis@mcgill.ca Documents : www.eps.mcgill.ca /~c212 1. Igneous Section 2: . Eruptions. K. What I Know. W. What I Want to Find Out. L. What I Learned. Essential Questions. How does magma type influence volcanic activity?. What is the role of pressure and dissolved gases in eruptions?. clastic. rocks on Husband Hill and at Home Plate in the Columbia Hills of . Gusev. Crater. The rover’s APXS found these rocks to be nominally basaltic in overall composition and it’s Mini-TES instrument determined them to be rich in glasses. Basaltic glass can be produced from volcanism or as a result of impacts into a basaltic substrate. However, the basaltic glass resulting from both formation mechanisms appears similar to existing rover-based instrumentation. Magma is a mixture of molten rock, volatiles and solids that is found beneath the surface of the Earth.. In some instances, it solidifies within the crust to form . plutonic rocks. . In others, it erupts onto the Earth’s surface to form .