The Restoration and Romanticism - PowerPoint Presentation

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The Restoration and Romanticism

Two Contrasting Periods:

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The Restoration and Eighteenth Century

1660-1785

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The Time: 1660-1785

1666: Great Fire burns 80% of London

1681: Woman flogged in London for becoming involved in politics

1689: Parliament passes Bill of Rights and Toleration Act

1692: Salem witch trials

1700: Life expectancy in England is 36 years1707: Great Britain formed  Scotland + England

1721: After defeating Sweden, Russia has become a great power under Peter the Great

1725: “The Golden Age of Piracy” ends

1750: Benjamin Franklin links lightning and electricity

1769: Father

Junipero

Serra, a Franciscan, has become head of missions in Lower California

1776: Declaration of Independence

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Politics

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Enlightenment

Enlightenment/Age of Reason:

Human intellect could discover natural laws that would solve social, political, economical problems

Emphasized intellect over feeling

Empiricism: scientific method, learn things by observation and experiment

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Neoclassic Literature

Definitions

Emulated ancient Greek and Roman texts

Made us of classical forms and allusions and promoted ideals of harmony, tradition, and reason

Styles

Essays

Rhymed couplets

Satire

Genre that uses irony, wit, and sarcasm to expose humanity’s vices and foibles, giving impetus to change or reform through ridicule.

Parody

Imitates a literary style for comic effect, usually to criticize that work, author, or style.

Epistle

Novel

Witty, emphasized social interaction

More openly bawdy

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The Romantic Movement

(1785-1832)

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Stuff Happening: 1785-1832

1783: Treaty of Paris ends American Revolution

1788: Great Britain begins sending convicts to Australia, rather than America

1789: Storming of the Bastille!

1791: Mozart dies in Vienna

1799: Napoleon.1800: World Population about one billion1801: United Kingdom formed1802: Slave rebellion in Haiti

1803: Louisiana Purchase, Morphine derived from opium

1807: UK outlaws slave trade across Atlantic

1811: King George III is declared insane – Regency Period

1815: Napoleon defeated at Waterloo

1829: Scotch Tape invented

1830: First railway station in US opens, lawn mower and sewing machine invented

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Terms Explained

romance

: the actions and feelings of people who are in love, especially behavior which is very caring or affectionate.

Romance

: episodic narratives concerned with the exploits of knights, chivalry, and courtly love (generally Medieval)

Romanticism

: a literary style and philosophy focused on subjective experience, nature, imagination, and the individual (late 1700s)

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The Romantic Creed

“

Poetry is the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings: it takes its origin from emotion recollected in tranquility.”

William Wordsworth,

The Preface to Lyrical Ballads

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Tenets of Romanticism

Nature is beautiful, powerful, untamable

Humanity must look to Nature to understand itself

Emotions are important

Poetry should be about common people!

Written in common language, accessibleCommon people are closer to nature, less artificial

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Romanticism is Reactionary!

Pre-Romanticism

Industrialization and Urbanization

Enlightenment: Reason over Emotion

Enlightenment: All about the

over-educated

American and French Revolutions

Romanticism

Industry is artificial, Nature is Real

Emotion over Reason!

The common people are Real, should have

voice

The commoners do have power!

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A Lady’s Dressing Room

Jonathan Swift

 FIVE Hours, (and who can do it less in?)

   By haughty

Celia

spent in Dressing;    The Goddess from her Chamber issues,    Array'd in Lace, Brocades and Tissues.

Strephon

, who found the Room was void,

    And

Betty

otherwise

employ'd

;

    Stole in, and took a strict Survey,

    Of all the Litter as it lay;

    Whereof, to make the Matter clear,

    An Inventory follows here.

A Restoration Poem!

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        And first a dirty Smock

appear'd

,

    Beneath the Arm-pits well

besmear'd

.     Strephon, the Rogue, display'd it wide,     And turn'd it round on every Side.     On such a Point few Words are best,

    And

Strephon

bids us guess the rest;

    But swears how damnably the Men lie,

    In calling

Celia

sweet and cleanly.

    Now listen while he next produces

    The various Combs for various Uses,

   

Fill'd

up with Dirt so closely fixt

,

    No Brush could force a way betwixt.

***

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Hard by a filthy

Bason

stands,

Fowl'd

with the Scouring of her Hands;

The Bason takes whatever comes The Scrapings of her Teeth and Gums, A nasty Compound of all Hues, For here she spits, and here she spues. But oh! it turn'd

poor

Strephon

's

Bowels,

When he beheld and smelt the Towels,

Begumm'd

,

bematter'd

, and

beslim'd

With Dirt, and Sweat, and Ear-Wax grim'd.

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  No Object

Strephon

's

Eye escapes,

    Here

Pettycoats in frowzy Heaps;     Nor be the Handkerchiefs forgot     All varnish'd o'er with Snuff and Snot.     The Stockings why shou'd I expose,    

Stain'd

with the Marks of stinking Toes;

    Or greasy Coifs and

Pinners

reeking,

    Which

Celia

slept at least a Week in?

    A Pair of Tweezers next he found

    To pluck her Brows in Arches round,

    Or Hairs that sink the Forehead low,

    Or on her Chin like Bristles grow.

***

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Why

Strephon

will you tell the rest?

And must you needs describe the Chest?...

For

Strephon ventur'd to look in, Resolv'd to go thro' thick and thin; He lifts the Lid, there needs no more, He smelt it all the Time before.

As from within

Pandora

's box,

When

Epimetheus

op'd

the Locks,

A sudden universal Crew

Of humane Evils upwards flew;

He still was comforted to find

That Hope at last

remain'd

behind;

So

Strephon

lifting up the lid,

To view what in the chest was hid.

The

Vapours

flew from out the Vent,

But

Strephon

cautious never meant

The Bottom of the Pan to grope,

And fowl his Hands in Search of

Hope

.

O never may such vile Machine

Be once in

Celia's Chamber seen! ***

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And up exhales a greasy Stench,

    For which you curse the careless Wench;

    So Things, which must not be

exprest

,

    When plumpt into the reeking Chest,     Send up an excremental Smell     To taint the Parts from whence they fell.     The Pettycoats

and Gown perfume,

    Which waft a Stink round every Room.

       

Thus finishing his grand Survey,

    Disgusted

Strephon

stole away

    Repeating in his amorous Fits,

    Oh!

Celia

,

Celia,

Celia

shits!

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But Vengeance, Goddess never sleeping,

    Soon

punish'd

Strephon

for his Peeping;     His foul Imagination links     Each Dame he sees with all her Stinks***  I pity wretched Strephon blind

    to all the Charms of Female Kind;

    Should I the Queen of Love refuse,

    Because she rose from stinking Ooze?

***

If

Strephon

would but stop his Nose;

    (Who now so impiously blasphemes

    Her Ointments, Daubs, and Paints and Creams,

    Her Washes, Slops, and every Clout,

    With which he makes so foul a Rout;)

    He soon would learn to think like me,

    And bless his

ravisht

Sight to see

    Such Order from Confusion sprung,

    Such gaudy Tulips

rais'd

from Dung.