Digitalisation and digital transition Selected results for Western Balkans 07112023 2 Albania Bosnia a nd Herz e g o vi na K os o v o North M a c e d onia S e r bia ID: 1038940
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1. European skills and jobs survey in ETF partner countriesDigitalisation and digital transitionSelected results for Western Balkans07/11/2023
2. 2AlbaniaBosnia and HerzegovinaKosovo*North MacedoniaSerbiaSurvey design and geographical coverageNational representative survey of adults aged 25-64 in wage and salary employment (i.e. paid employees), who live in private households.Multistage cluster sample + CAPI (WB economies)Online panel + CAWI (Israel)Sample of approx. 1000 respondents per countryBased on CEDEFOP methodology applied in EU+ countriesIsrael
3. Basic literacy and numeracy skills are required in more than half of the jobsC_READ - % of employees reading max 1 page, max 5 pages or 25 and more pages per month in their main jobC_MATH - % of employees doing simple, medium-level and advanced mathematics in their main job3
4. Most employees use digital devices for their work, but mostly for simple tasks4Digital skills intensity indexHigh skills intensity Programming/coding, management of IT systems, hard/software, management of databases.Medium skills intensity Use of specialised software, advanced spreadsheets, preparation of presentations.Low skills intensity Internet browsing, use of social media; writing/text editing, use of spreadsheets
5. Changes at the workplace are not sufficiently accompanied by digital upskilling5B_CHORTECH /Q21c: did any of the following changes take place in your workplace? New digital technologiesD_CHTECH: % of employees who have learnt to use new digital technology for the main job (digital and machines)
6. New digital technologies have impact on job design6D_CHJOB: As a result of the new computer programs/software or new computerised machinery you learnt for your main job, did your job tasks change?Task automation in jobs of:MalesWorkers aged 45-54Clerical support workers and professionalsFinance, professional, scientific and technical services
7. The majority of employees use their skills only to a limited extent; a quarter work in jobs below or above their qualification7E_EDMATCH8: Education completed compared to education required by job (ISCED 8 levels)Two-third of employees in surveyed economies work in jobs that require their field of study or a related one.Less than half of employees use their current knowledge and skills - to a great extent - in their jobs.
8. Employees are mostly in need of strengthening their digital and social skills8E_DEF: Do you need to further develop any of the following skills to do your main job even better? Computer/IT skills, Social skills, Job-specific skills, and Numeracy skills Note: * Great/moderate extent; Social skills – i.e. working with and dealing with co-workers and other people (e.g. customers, clients, students, patients or other members of the public)
9. Only two in 5 employees participated in training to learn new job-related skills9E_TRAIND: In the last 12 months, have you participated in any education or training activities to learn new job-related skillsOne third of workers that took part in training activities, did training to develop their digital skills.Learning happens largely on-the-job.Low participation:Older workersLow-educatedWorkers in elementary/manual jobsInformal workers
10. Older workers are more likely to work in jobs requiring manual work and are potentially more exposed to automation. Yet, their self-awareness on training needs and participation in training is weaker.Participation and access to education and training opportunities is unequal (limited among the most vulnerable groups, such as older workers, low-educated etc.).Younger workers are more likely to work in jobs requiring foundation skills and strong digital skills. Yet, they are more exposed to precarious work and more likely to work in jobs requiring lower qualification that they possess.Digitalisation leads to changes in job tasks, requiring higher human-machine interaction (innovation potential).10Key findingsLearning potential is the highest in the area of digital and social skills.The uptake of new technologies is limited, concentrated in sectors demanding advanced-skills.