RISK MITIGATION APPROACH TO COMMERCIAL RESUPPLY TO THE32899 USA craisc - PDF document

1 RISK MITIGATION APPROACH TO COMMERCIAL R
RISK MITIGATION APPROACH TO COMMERCIAL RESUPPLY TO THE((32899, USA, crai^.schreiber-1(c nasa.govABSTRACTIn August 2006, NASA awarded Space Act Agreementsof cargo transportation capabilitiesservices to the ISS following the Shuttle retirement. In1. BACKGROUNDThe

2 International Space Station is the colla
International Space Station is the collaborative[31Figure 1. ISSphotographed by an STS-130 crewResupply of cargo to the ISS is essential in order tothe Russian Progress vehicles, the European AutomatedFigure 2. NASA COTS Capabilit 1.1 Commercial Orbital Transpor

3 tation ServicesAs a result of the foreca
tation ServicesAs a result of the forecasted resupply shortfall to ISScommercial capabilities and services to Low Earth OrbitFigure 3. SpaceX DragonHowever, the RpK agreement with NASA was laterFigure 4. Orbital's CygnusNASA's primary role is to monitor the prog

4 ress of the1.2 ISS Commercial Resupply S
ress of the1.2 ISS Commercial Resupply Services (CRS)In August 2007, NASA began laying the ground work a.wo noJtiewe--+,e:e ^vmMs\tv Note: Most vehicle cargo carrying capaories are interchangeableuP-- sin-d—.-Figure 5. Russian Progress, European ATV, Japanese(av

5 erage mission comparison — not maximum v
erage mission comparison — not maximum vehicleSpaceX was awarded 12 flights over the time period ofFigure 6. Dragon Spacecraft in Cargo Configuration[8]Orbital was awarded eiFigure 7. Cygnus[10]2 ISS INTEGRATIONberth/unberth to/from the ISS and integrated operat

6 ions the ISS to protect the ISS vehicle
ions the ISS to protect the ISS vehicle from a collisionapproach Ellipsoid (AE)ItieeE€-aut Sphere'01n Ca dins)=BarU.^^ vfYL,unnu;w axo,R-BarFigure 8. Approach Ellipsoid and Keep-Ort SphereThe approach ellipsoid is defined as the 4 x 2 x 2 kmcrew during Integrate

7 d Operations. As an example,There will b
d Operations. As an example,There will be at least one decision point during thewith the phased ISS Program safety review process. AsElement (LP/CE), increment during the readiness of the on-orbit stage toaccept the LP/CE and return items. Upon concurrence they

8 are ready for launch and on-orbit operat
are ready for launch and on-orbit operations for all"no/go" for launch as the FRR Board concludes forpublicsafety. However, NASA has retained its right toassessments will evaluate the commercial partner'sreadiness to deliver NASA cargo safely to the ISS.service

9 providers for science and exploration. I
providers for science and exploration. In this Canaveral Air Force Station, Florida (CCAFS) andELV launches are managed by other oran oversight or insight surveillance strategy to mitigatecommercial vehicle's integrated operations with the ISSreserves the right

10 to have its cargo removed from the5 REFE
to have its cargo removed from the5 REFERENCES1. "What are the ISS Attitudes?" expedition_ 23_24_press_ki2010. channel. isp?channel=spaceS°1"020fina1-ppt&#xhttp;&#x://w;&#xu000;7. downloads,-. March 10, 2010- 10.23c5253ffd=57c4b2dl7a2af6638f6945799815b9aC.11.htt

11 p://www.nasa.gov/pdf/163551main LRisk Mi
p://www.nasa.gov/pdf/163551main LRisk Mitigation Approach toDiane Koons"Making Safety Matter"^Y JAIRMIkkOverviewa Purpose a MANOUL. -ApePurposeJAIRMIkk International Space Station¨ A multi-nation collaborative effort¨ Maintain a long term humanpresence in spac

12 e and creates anoutpost for experimentat
e and creates anoutpost for experimentation in¨ Resupply essential to maintaining¨ Logistics shortfall beyond Shuttle3 JAIRMIkkCommercial Orbital Transportation NASA helps industry develop and demonstrate cargo space transportation¨ Industry leads and directs i

13 ts own efforts¨ NASA providing technical
ts own efforts¨ NASA providing technical and financial assistance 1St COTS competition completed in August 2006 Space Exploration Technologies (SpaceX) Failed to complete financial and technical milestones. Terminated 2¨ Orbital Science Corporation4 aCommerc

14 ial Resupply Services (CRS) An end-to-e
ial Resupply Services (CRS) An end-to-end resupply service encompasses all work required ton SpaceX — twelve missions with pressurized, unpressurized, and returnn Orbital — eight missions with pressurized and disposal capabilitiesDragon Spacecraft with Solar Ar

15 rays DragonJAIRMIkkDragon CRS Mission Ca
rays DragonJAIRMIkkDragon CRS Mission Capabilities Pressure Vessel Interior¨ 10m¨ Typically middeck locker¨ Other mounting accommodations Trunk 14 m Total Cargo Mass¨ 6000 kg total combined up-mass¨ Up to 3000 kg down mass6 2,000 kg (standard)X.jACygnus CRS

16 Mission Capabilities Pressurized Volume
Mission Capabilities Pressurized Volume¨ 18.9 m¨ Total Cargo Mass: 8 Flights over period 2011-2015 Passive Cargo: Cargo Transfer Bags (CTBs) M-Cygnus7 aISS Integration Requirements Provides interface and performance requirements between ISS and COTSThe criti

17 cal interface for insight and approval i
cal interface for insight and approval is at the ISS interface.8 JAIRMIkkScope of ISS Visiting Vehicle RequirementsApproach Ellipsoid (AE)4kmV Bar2kmOut of plane minor axisof AE is 2kmR-BarApproach Ellipsoid and Keep-Out Sphere9 aISS Integration Requirements Sum

18 mary ISS Cargo Accommodations ISS Crew
mary ISS Cargo Accommodations ISS Crew Accommodations Communication, Command and Control Safety and Mission Assurance10 aSafety Requirements and Process ISS Program safety requirements derived from Shuttle Safety Policy¨ Utilizing a proven approach for cont

19 rol philosophy for catastrophic and crit
rol philosophy for catastrophic and criticalhazards, as well as for design for minimum risk approach ISS Integration safety requirements derived from ISS Program safety Must comply with phased ISS Program Safety Review Process Integrated safety of the ISS is

20 not compromised by commercial11 MCertifi
not compromised by commercial11 MCertification of Flight Readiness (CoFR) Missions will be FAA licensed commercial launches.¨ NASA does not have go/no-go authority for launch. The ISS Program will CoFR that the contractor has met the ISSrequirements for vehicl

21 e readiness and capability. NASA GO/NO-
e readiness and capability. NASA GO/NO-GO Decision Points12 aWhat is New Under CRS? NASA reserves the right to perform technical assessments of the¨ Evaluate readiness to deliver NASA cargo safely to the ISS Insight vs. Oversight13 JAIRMIkkConclusionsa Overs

22 ight or insight surveillance strategy de
ight or insight surveillance strategy determined based of ISS Integration activities completed and approved by NASA beforedemonstration missions ISS Integration activities include safety review and approval of hazard14 JAIRlikkCo-Author Contact InformationCrai