PPT-Genes, regulatory and non-coding single copy sequences

Dispersed repeats Transposable Elements Repetitive DNA sequences Nuclear Genome Tandem repeats Class II DNA transposons copied and moved via DNA Class I Retrotransposons amplifying via an RNA intermediate. 0168-9525/00/$ 1. “. Organic life, we are told, has developed gradually from the protozoon to the philosopher, and this development, we are assured, is indubitably an advance. Unfortunately it is the philosopher, not the protozoon, who gives us this assurance.. omics. data integration. Michael Tress. CNIO. ,. Predictions: . Ensembl. /GENCODE . automatic . pipelines. , . HBM . and GENCODE RNA-. seq. . data, . individual large-scale studies. . Coding potential . 1. Evolution of Development:. Evolution of Animal Body Plans as an Example. Or, another way to conceptualize today’s lecture:. Evolution of Gene Regulatory Networks:. Evolution of Development as an Example. A second step is determining the sequence of the gene, or genes, determining the phenotype and understanding how the expression of the genes is regulated at the transcriptional level  . Subsequent steps involve analysis of post-transcriptional events, understanding how the genes fit into metabolic pathways and how these pathways interact with the environment . Spring . 2012. “Problems” with morphological. data…. Convergence and parallelisms. Reduction and character loss. Phenotypic vs. genotypic differences. Evaluation of homology. Misinterpretation of change or polarity. Gregg Thomas. Indiana University. . . @. greggwcthomas. Arthropod Genomics Symposium, 06.09.17. Arthropods are the largest group of multicellular organisms. 2. / 70. Arthropods are the largest group of multicellular organisms. Genomics Lesson . 7_3. Hardison. 3/1/15. 1. 3. approaches . to gene predictions. Evidence-based. Transcribed regions. Align to mRNA sequence from the same species. Align to spliced ESTs from the same species. . Essam. Replication of DNA in eukaryotic cells. The essential steps of replication are the same as in prokaryotes. Starting replication is more complex in eukaryotes. At the origin of replication, a pre-replication complex is made with other initiator proteins. Other proteins are then recruited to start the replication process. The overall process is the same, although differently named enzymes fulfill the same function. The first important difference is in the polymerases. So far, 15 kinds of polymerases were isolated from the eukaryotic cells. Amongst the most important are. Drosophila. Embryos using . lacZ. Transgenes. June 18. th. ABLE 2014. University of Oregon, Eugene. Cathy Silver Key. Julie Gates. Jessica Sawyer. Kirsten . Guss. Acknowledgements. Funding from . Roberta . Evolution occurs through a set of modifications to the DNA. These modifications include point mutations, insertions, deletions, and rearrangements. Seemingly diverse species (say mice and humans) share significant similarity (80-90%) in their genes. Edward . Marcotte. , . Univ. of Texas at Austin. Lots of genes in every genome. Nature Reviews Genetics . 13:329-342 (2012). Do humans really have the biggest genomes?. Genome . size . ranges vary widely across organisms. Lauri Mesilaakso AbstractBioinformatic approaches for detecting homologousgenes in the genomes of non-model organisms Lauri MesilaaksoIdentifying homologous genes, that is genes from a common ancestor Biology / Bioinformatics . . Edward . Marcotte. , . Univ. of Texas at Austin. Lots of genes in every genome. Nature Reviews Genetics . 13:329-342 (2012). Do humans really have the biggest genomes?.