In v I vo amel I orat I - PowerPoint Presentation

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In vIvo amelIoratIng effects of borIc acId agaInst alumInum-Induced genotoxIcIty In rats 

Özlem Özdemir Tozlu, Hasan Türkez, Elvan Özbek, Fadime Geyikoğlu, Sait Keleş, Ahmet Hacımüftüoğlu, Abdulgani Tatar

This work was supported by the National Boron Research Institute ( No: Ç0256)

Outline

Aluminum Aluminum is the most abundant metal in the earth's crust and it is widely distributed.Aluminum is a very reactive element and is never found as the free metal in nature. It is found combined with other elements, most commonly with oxygen, silicon, and fluorine. These chemical compounds are commonly found in soil, minerals (e.g., sapphires, rubies, turquoise), rocks (especially igneous rocks), and clays.Aluminum occurs naturally in soil, water, and air.Aluminum cannot be destroyed in the environment. It can only change

its form or become attached or separated from particles

Toxicity of AluminumThere are numerous studies that have examined aluminum’s potential to induce toxic effects in humans exposed via inhalation, oral, or dermal exposure. Most of these findings are supported by a large number of studies in laboratory animals. Occupational exposure studies and animal studies suggest that the lungs and nervous system may be the most sensitive targets of toxicity following inhalation exposure.

Boric AcidBoron is a naturally occurring element. In the environment, boron is combined with oxygen and other elements in compounds called borates. There are several commercially important borates, including BA, borax (BX) and the minerals colemanite (COL) and ulexite (UX). These compounds are widely used in industrial, agricultural, cosmetic, medical settings, household products and a numerous smaller applications. Boric acid

can provide some protection against damage induced by the genotoxic agents vanadium tetraoxide, titanium dioxide, aflatoxin B1 and paclitaxel in human lymphocytes by increasing the antioxidant capacity of the cells (Geyikoglu and Turkez 2008; Turkez 2008; Turkez

and Geyikoglu 2010; Turkez et al. 2010

).

Boron itself is not genotoxic in various in

vitro

studies

when tested up to 20 ppm (

Geyikoglu

and

Turkez

2008

;

Turkez

and

Geyikoglu

2010

).

Boric

acid

efficiently

reduced

the genotoxicity of cadmium, lead and two

other

test

agents acting as

clastogen

and

aneugen

,

respectively

(

Ustundağ

et al. 2014).

Aim of the studyThe present experiment was undertaken to determine the effectiveness of boric acid in modulating the AlCl3 induced genotoxicity in rats

Materials and MethodsStudy PlanTreatmentsNo. ofanimalsControls6

AlCl3 (4,2 mg/kg b.w.)6BA (3.25 mg/kg b.w.)6

BA (6,5 mg/kg

b.w

.)

6

AlCl

3

+ BA

(3.25 mg/kg

b.w

.)

6

AlCl

3

+ BA(13 mg/kg b.w.)6

AlCl3 toxicityAluminum chloride exposure by intraperitoneal route for 30 days

Biochemical studiesAnimals were anesthetized with ether before being killed.Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) MISRA ve FRIDOVICH (1972)Catalase (CAT) AEBI (1984)

Glutathione Peroxidase (Gsh-px) CARLBERG ve MANNERVIK (1972)Malondialdehyde (MDA) STOCK ve DORMANDY (1971)Total Antioxidant Capacity (TAC) TOMASCH vd. (2001)

Total

Oxidatif

Status

(TOS)

TOMASCH

vd. (2001)

Materials and Methods

Methods

Genotoxicity studiesComet Assay Micronucleus Chromosome Aberration AssaysMaterials and MethodsMethods

MN AssayA micronucleus test is a test used in toxicological screening for potential genotoxic compounds.Genotoxicity studies

CA AssayThe mammalian in vivo chromosome aberration test is used for the detection of structural chromosome aberrations induced by test compounds in bone marrow cells of animalsGenotoxicity studies

SCGE Single Cell Gel electrophoresis , the Comet Assay, is a fairly simple procedure by using a micro gel and electrophoresis to detect DNA damage.Genotoxicity studies

TreatmentSingle cell

suspension

Slide

preparation

Alkaline

lysis

DNA

unwinding

Alkaline

electrophoresis

Stain

Image

analysis

ResultsBiochemical Studies

1.GroupControl4.GroupBA(6.50 mg/kg

v.a. / 30 days)

2.Group

Al (4.2 mg/kg

v.a

. / 30

days

)

5.Group

BA

(3.25 mg/kg v.a. / 30

days

) + Al (4.2 mg/kg v.a. / 30

days)3.GroupBA(3.25 mg/kg

v.a. / 30 days)6.GroupBA (6.50 mg/kg v.a. / 30 days) + Al (4.2 mg/kg v.a. / 30 days)

ResultsBiochemical Studies

1.GroupControl4.GroupBA(6.50 mg/kg v.a. / 30 days)2.Group

Al (4.2 mg/kg

v.a

. / 30

days

)

5.Group

BA

(3.25 mg/kg v.a. / 30

days

) + Al (4.2 mg/kg v.a. / 30

days

)

3.GroupBA(3.25 mg/kg v.a. / 30 days)6.Group

BA (6.50 mg/kg v.a. / 30 days) + Al (4.2 mg/kg v.a. / 30 days)

ResultsBiochemical Studies

1.GroupControl4.GroupBA(6.50 mg/kg v.a. / 30 days)

2.Group

Al (4.2 mg/kg

v.a

. / 30

days

)

5.Group

BA

(3.25 mg/kg v.a. / 30

days

) + Al (4.2 mg/kg v.a. / 30

days

)3.GroupBA(3.25 mg/kg v.a. / 30 days)

6.GroupBA (6.50 mg/kg v.a. / 30 days) + Al (4.2 mg/kg v.a. / 30 days)

ResultsGenotoxicity Studies

1.GroupControl4.GroupBA(6.50 mg/kg

v.a. / 30 days)

2.Group

Al (4.2 mg/kg

v.a

. / 30

days

)

5.Group

BA

(3.25 mg/kg v.a. / 30

days

) + Al (4.2 mg/kg v.a. / 30

days)3.GroupBA(3.25 mg/kg

v.a. / 30 days)6.GroupBA (6.50 mg/kg v.a. / 30 days) + Al (4.2 mg/kg v.a. / 30 days)

ResultsGenotoxicity StudiesComet Assay

1.GroupControl4.Group

BA(6.50 mg/kg

v.a

. / 30

days

)

2.Group

Al (4.2 mg/kg

v.a

. / 30

days

)

5.Group

BA (3.25 mg/kg v.a. / 30 days) + Al (4.2 mg/kg v.a. / 30 days)3.Group

BA(3.25 mg/kg v.a. / 30 days)6.GroupBA (6.50 mg/kg v.a. / 30 days) + Al (4.2 mg/kg v.a. / 30 days)

ConclusionAs regards antioxidant and anti-genotoxic effects of the boron compounds, BA compound provides an important protection against to Al toxicity. It is also determined that BA exhibits antigenotoxic properties against AlCl3. Existing data suggest that genotoxicity is not an area of concern following exposure to boron compounds in humans and animals (World Health Organization, 1998

).Al-induced genetic damage can be prevented by the antioxidant capacity of boron compounds. Because, Al induced toxic effects probably are related to free radical generations (Abubakar et al., 2003). As known, genetic damages mainly develops due to oxidative stress.The boron- related remedy was especially important against Al-induced

genetic damage.

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AcknowledgementThis work was supported by the National Boron Research Institute ( No: Ç0256)

Thank you!Özlem ÖZDEMİR TOZLU