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12 Angry Men Comaprtive unit - PowerPoint Presentation

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12 Angry Men Comaprtive unit - PPT Presentation

The Play written in 1954 Social Context McCarthyism Joseph McCarthy Ed Murrow httpwwwyoutubecomwatchvFQQaX2h1plo httpwwwyoutubecomwatchvBIkU4MMQZ54ampfeaturerelated The Play written in 1954 ID: 719453

play juror theme prejudice juror play prejudice theme

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Slide1

12 Angry Men

Comaprtive

unitSlide2

The Play (written in 1954):

Social Context - McCarthyism

Joseph McCarthy

Ed. Murrow

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FQQaX2h1plo

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BIkU4MMQZ54&feature=relatedSlide3

The Play (written in 1954):

Social Context - McCarthyism

Joseph

McCarthy

Ed. Murrow

Arthur Miller

http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/USAmccarthyism.htm

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/McCarthyism

http://apus-b.wikispaces.com/post+war+domestic-political+cartoonsSlide4

Reginald Rose

[

about his inspiration for

12 Angry Men

] It was such an impressive, solemn setting in a great big wood-panelled court-room, with a silver-haired judge. It knocked me out. I was overwhelmed. I was on a jury for a manslaughter case, and we got into this terrific, furious, eight-hour argument in the jury room. I was writing one-hour dramas for

"Studio One" (1948) then and I thought, "Wow, what a setting for a drama!"

In Upstaging the Cold War: American dissent and cultural diplomacy, 1940-1960 (Andrew Justin Falk) Rose is acknowledged as an antagonist of McCarthyism. Referring to his writing in An Almanac of Liberty (1954)

Rose reflects “Issues that bother me are issues concerning people who want to impose their beliefs on others ... In a way, almost everything I wrote in the fifties was about McCarthy.” (Falk, p. 164).Slide5

Title:

12 Angry Men (1954)

Author:

Reginald RoseSetting:

Physical The claustrophobia of a jury room Atmospheric: A hot and steamy summer’s afternoon in New York.

Social setting – the McCarthy Era.

Time – Late in the day.The question at the heart – the functioning of American democracy and justice.Cultural: The West Coast of the United States (New York) in the mid 1950s.Genre: Courtroom drama and a Socio-political Polemic or discourse.Slide6

Structure

cont

... :

The Impact of the way the play is written–

allows the audience to feel close to the characters, their challenges and conflicts.

Unity

NatureImpact

ActionThere is no action outside this small space. All else takes place off-stage.

There are no moments of relief or distraction (by scene changes) so the tension remains until it is resolved and the unanimous verdict achieved.Place

The characters cannot leave the jury room until their job is done.

Steamy new York Summer’s day adds to the claustrophobia of the jury room.

In the same way the audience has no escape until from their reality until the action of the play concludes.

Time

Uses ‘real time’ with the passing of time on stage equal to the passing of time for the audience

Creates an intense focus on this small piece of the character’s lives.Slide7

Characterisation:

internal and external

Primary Characters

Secondary Characters

Remaining CharactersSlide8

Characterisation:

Primary Characters

The Vengeful Bully

The Rational Man

The Bigot

The man of IntegritySlide9

Characterisation:

Juror 5

Attacked by Juror 3

Supported by 9

Experiences the prejudice

of juror 10

Given

Opportunity

by 8

(feelings) Dismissed by 1Slide10

Characterisation:

Juror 10

9

10

1

6

4

2

11Slide11

Characterisation:

Character Binaries

9

10

8

4

3

2

11

7

These binaries give a good summary of the key conflicts within the playSlide12

Characterisation:

Alignments

Lawful Good

Neutral Good

Chaotic Good

Lawful Neutral

True Neutral

Chaotic Neutral

Lawful Evil

Neutral Evil

Chaotic Evil

You oughta have more respect, Mister. You say stuff like that again and I’m gonna’ lay you out.

I’m not trying to change your mind, it’s just that we are talking about someone’s life here.

I don’t believe I have to be loyal to one side or another, I’m simply asking questions.

You can’t send someone off to die on evidence like that.

“... It’s not easy to stand alone against the ridicule of others. He gambled for support and I gave it to him.

Hey, you just take of yourself, you know.

I don’t care whether I’m alone or not, it’s my right.

Frankly, I don’t see how you can move for acquittal

You know how these people lie, it’s born in them.Slide13

Characterisation:

Character quotes:

6. You oughta have more respect, Mister. You say stuff like that again and I’m gonna’ lay you out.

8. I’m not trying to change your mind, it’s just that we are talking about someone’s life here.

11. I don’t believe I have to be loyal to one side or another, I’m simply asking questions.

2. You can’t send someone off to die on evidence like that.

9. .. It’s not easy to stand alone against the ridicule of others. He gambled for support and I gave it to him.

7. Hey, you just take care of yourself, you know.

3. I don’t care whether I’m alone or not, it’s my right.

4. Frankly, I don’t see how you can move for acquittal.

10 .You know how these people lie, it’s born in them.

5.I used to play in a backyard that was filled with garbage. Maybe it still smells on me.

1. Please, please ...

12. Um, if no-one else has an idea, I have a cutie, here. I mean I haven’t put much thought into it ....Slide14

Characterisation:

Character role-traits:

Timid,

Cowered

Ineffectual in

Leadership

Intimidating,

Hurt Bully,

vengeful

Dispassionate

/ Rational

Disempowered,

Knowing

Unqualified,

Decent

Hedonistic,

Sports fan

Integrity,

Empathy

Prejudiced,

Bigot

Enlightened,

Keeper of Values

Hollow,

Vacillating

Bypassed

WisdomSlide15

Themes:Slide16

Theme: The Rule of Law

This is one of the primary focuses of the text including the importance of the Jury in a democracy.

Through the various jurors the potential threats to democracy are revealed.

While the jurors spends the length of the play deliberating guilt there is no search for any single truth; guilty or not.

Rose believes (and posits in the play) that “the wiser and more emotionally stable jurors must responsibly lead those men with less self-awareness and self-knowledge than they, if democracy is to have any chance to work justly and fairly” (Cunningham 1991, p.69). Its also interesting that we see that those who epitomise the spirit of American democracy are: a) the weaker elderly man still allowed a voice; b) the refugee embracing the freedoms America has to offer and c) the slum child who is now a contributing member of society – apart from Juror 8 these are the first to rise to defend the democratic process.Slide17

Theme: The Rule of Law ... cont.

The 8

th

Juror

possesses a clear understanding of the Law and it is his role to defend the role of the jury system and the importance of deliberation and discussion in a democracy:

“The burden of proof is on the prosecution” (p.14)

He continuously focuses on “reasonable doubt” which is “a safeguard and has enormous value in our system.” (p.66)He identifies the over-reliance on “circumstantial evidence” by the prosecution and questions the intelligence of defense counsel (p.20)

He is contrasted with Juror 10 who “don’t give a goddam about the law” (p.65) and sees his national duty as a nuisance and who becomes frustrated when can’t use it legitimise his bigotryWhile Juror 8 has the moral fibre to stand alone so does Juror 3 “I don’t care whether I’m alone or not. It’s my right” (p.71). The fear is that, while both are strong men able to stand against a group, one would take others down a path of personal retribution instead of prompting us to re-examine the obvious.Slide18

Theme: The Rule of Law ... cont.

While the play appeals to the rules and regulations that govern socially acceptable behaviour

there is another discussion that takes place

. That moral conduct and inherent tendencies are more fundamental; this is the point of the discussion about the psychiatrist’s testtimony.

The prosecution (through the psychiatrist) alleged “The boy had strong homicidal tendencies” (p.58)

11

th Juror reminds us we all have the potential; the way he was “brought up” (p.59) influences his and others’ behaviour and furthermore, while we might be “capable of committing murder ... We impose controls upon ourselves” (p.59)Slide19

Theme: The Rule of Law ... cont.

Finally, the play discusses

the nature of evidence and testimony

.

The discussion has its beginnings in Juror 2’s comment “I just – think he’s guilty. ... I mean nobody proved otherwise.” (p.14)

Juror 8 puts, when discussing the facts, that “testimony that could put a human being into the electric chair should be accurate.” (p.35)

This further developed by Juror 11 (possibly from personal experience) when he suggests “Facts may be coloured by the personalities of the people who present them. (p.36)

This followed by Juror 8’s assertion that “sometimes the facts that are staring you in the face are wrong!” (p.38)Finally, Juror 2 echoes the need for irrefutable evidence later in the play with “You can’t send someone off to die on evidence like that.” (p.71)Slide20

Theme: Prejudice and Racism

The background of the young man (an unidentified minority, raise in a slum. The suppositions a) slums are breeding grounds for criminals” and b) children raised in them are “potential menaces to society” (p.18). Bigoted stereotypes and generalisations conflict with reason, logic, objectivity and common sense – all of which must triumph over prejudice if democracy is to thrive.

Rose, in this play, reveals the true impact of prejudice and racism and its power to subvert the very systems meant to guarantee liberty and the “pursuit of happiness” for all. Egalitarianism is easily voided in the hands of humanity.Slide21

Theme: Prejudice and Racism... cont.

The jury system is based on the ideal: a defendant is tried by a jury of his peers. This is not the case in this circumstance.

Technically the defendant and the jurors are equal before the law.

However, his socio-economic origins translate into a set of assumptions, held by those entrusted to decide his guilt or innocence.

Prejudice is based on

Definitions (give examples in the next chart

Stereotyping (attitude):

A collection of beliefs held about a people belonging to a certain group. Leads to discrimination (behaviour) see below.

Hypocrisy:

Often based on inadequate information; often inconsistent ideas are held about the group.

Fear:

Assessed as a threat so the group becomes “they/them”

Stigmatisation:

Negative evaluation that makes people of a group feel like outcasts; leading to feelings of shame, loss of confidence, lower self-esteem and restricted ambitions in life.

Discrimination:

Positive or negative behaviour towards a particular group.Slide22

Theme: Prejudice and Racism... cont.

Prejudice

Examples from the text

Stereotyping (attitude):

Hypocrisy:

Fear:

Stigmatisation:

Discrimination (behaviour):Slide23

Theme: Civic Duty & Social Responsibility

In a democracy the notion of active citizenship is fundamental. It also requires that all who participate are willing to transcend personal differences in order to achieve a “good”. There is a clear distinction in the play between those who can do this and those who will always put self-interest first. Furthermore those that are ill-equipped to participate are highlighted as are those who find it difficult to own responsibility in the process.

The play also reveals that when people put aside personal issues/prejudices – that a collective wisdom can surface and justice can prevail.

Question:

How are these issues relevant to Australia today?Slide24

Theme: Justice

The play is a warning about the fragility of justice and the forces of complacency, prejudice, and lack of civic responsibility that would undermine it. Several jurors show that they are virtually incapable of considering the matter fairly and listening to opposing points of view.

Threat

Answer

Juror 3: Personalised prejudice – seeking retribution

Juror 8: Refuses to let emotions interfere with the case

Juror 7: Lack of Civic Responsibility

Juror 11: “ ... We have nothing to gain or lose by our verdict. This is one of the reasons why we are strong."

Juror 10 ( and to a lesser extent 4): Prejudiced against anyone that comes from the slum

Juror 9: Challenges the prejudice

All reject it in the end.

All (except 8) but particularly 12 suffer from complacency. 12 exemplifies how all have been persuaded by the prosecution

Juror 8: Challenged by 8 “no easy thing”Slide25

12 Angry Men Themes comparison to the Crucible

Now draw up a VENN diagram with all the similarities of themes present in both of the texts running down the middle and the differences on the outer edges like this.Slide26

Now through the center where the circles meet, you will need to place the similarities between the two texts’ themes.