ADVANCING VOCABULARY SKILLS - PowerPoint Presentation

ADVANCING VOCABULARY SKILLS Fourth EditionSherrie L. Nist (edited by B.Wulchak 8-18-2013) © 2010 Townsend Press

Unit One: Chapter 1• detriment • optimum• dexterous • ostentatious• discretion • scrupulous • facetious • sensory • gregarious • vicarious

TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word. 1 detriment Detriment means A. an aid. B. a discovery. C. a disadvantage. • Loni’s purple hair may be a detriment when she goes for a job interview.• Smoking is a detriment to your health. It’s estimated that each cigarette you smoke will shorten your life by one and a half minutes. – noun

TEN WORDS IN CONTEXTChoose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word. Detriment meansA. an aid. B. a discovery. C. a disadvantage. • Loni’s purple hair may be a detriment when she goes for a job interview. • Smoking is a detriment to your health. It’s estimated that each cigarette you smoke will shorten your life by one and a half minutes.Unless the interviewer likes purple hair, Loni’s purple hair could be a disadvantage in a job interview. If each cigarette shortens your life, smoking is a disadvantage to one’s health. 1 detriment – noun

detriment Synonyms: loss, harm, disadvantageAntonym: benefit

TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word. 2 dexterous – adjective Dexterous means A. skilled. B. educated. C. awkward. • The juggler was so dexterous that he managed to keep five balls in motion at once.• Although he has arthritis in his hands, Phil is very dexterous. For example, he builds detailed model airplanes. Two dexterous jugglers

TEN WORDS IN CONTEXTChoose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word. Dexterous meansA. skilled. B. educated. C. awkward. • The juggler was so dexterous that he managed to keep five balls in motion at once. • Although he has arthritis in his hands, Phil is very dexterous . For example, he builds detailed model airplanes. A juggler who can keep five balls in motion at once must be skilled. Someone who builds detailed model airplanes would have to be skilled with his hands. 2 dexterous – adjective Two dexterous jugglers

dexterous Syn.: deft, adroitAnt.: clumsy

TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word. 3 discretion • Ali wasn’t using much discretion when he passed a police car at eighty miles an hour. • Small children haven’t yet developed discretion . They ask embarrassing questions like “When will you be dead, Grandpa?” – noun Discretion means A. skill. B. good sense. C. courage.

TEN WORDS IN CONTEXTChoose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word. • Ali wasn’t using much discretion when he passed a police car at eighty miles an hour.• Small children haven’t yet developed discretion. They ask embarrassing questions like “When will you be dead, Grandpa?” Discretion means A. skill. B. good sense. C. courage. Passing a police car at eighty miles an hour is not using good sense. Asking Grandpa when he will be dead suggests that small children have not yet developed good sense. 3 discretion – noun

discretion Syn.: carefulness, prudence, good judgment

TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT • Dr. Segura has a facetious sign on his office door: “I’d like to help you out. Which way did you come in?”• My boss always says, “You don’t have to be crazy to work here, but it helps.” I hope she’s just being facetious. 4 facetious Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word. Facetious means A. serious. B. dishonest. C. funny. – adjective

TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT• Dr. Segura has a facetious sign on his office door: “I’d like to help you out. Which way did you come in?”• My boss always says, “You don’t have to be crazy to work here, but it helps.” I hope she’s just being facetious. Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word. Facetious means A. serious. B. dishonest. C. funny. Dr. Segura’s sign and the boss’s statement both are playfully funny. 4 facetious – adjective

facetious Syn.: teasing, tongue in cheek, flippantAnt.: formal, grave, serious

TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word. Gregarious means A. attractive. B. outgoing. C. humorous. 5 gregarious – adjective • Melissa is so gregarious that she wants to be with other people even when she’s studying. • My gregarious brother loves parties, but my shy sister prefers to be alone.

TEN WORDS IN CONTEXTChoose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word. Gregarious meansA. attractive. B. outgoing. C. humorous. • Melissa is so gregarious that she wants to be with other people even when she’s studying. • My gregarious brother loves parties, but my shy sister prefers to be alone. Since Melissa wants to be with other people even when she is studying, she must be outgoing. In the second item, the antonym clue shy tells you that gregarious means “outgoing.” 5 gregarious – adjective

gregarious Syn.: outgoing, sociable, extrovertAnt.: reserved, shy, introvert

TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word. Optimum means A. ideal. B. hopeful. C. questionable. • The road was so icy that the optimum driving speed was only about ten miles an hour . • For the weary traveler, optimum hotel accommodations include a quiet room, a comfortable bed, and efficient room service.6 optimum – adjective

TEN WORDS IN CONTEXTChoose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word. Optimum meansA. ideal. B. hopeful. C. questionable. • The road was so icy that the optimum driving speed was only about ten miles an hour. • For the weary traveler, optimum hotel accommodations include a quiet room, a comfortable bed, and efficient room service.Since the road was very icy, ten miles an hour was the ideal driving speed. A quiet room, a comfortable bed, and efficient room service would be ideal hotel accommodations for a weary traveler. 6 optimum– adjective

optimum Syn.: best, most favorableAnt.: worst

TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word. Ostentatious meansA. humble. B. showy. C. clean. • My show-off aunt has some ostentatious jewelry, such as a gold bracelet that’s so heavy she can hardly lift her arm. • The lobby of that hotel is ostentatious, with fancy furniture, thick rugs, and tall flower arrangements. The guest rooms upstairs, however, are extremely plain.7 ostentatious– adjective An ostentatious wristwatch

TEN WORDS IN CONTEXTChoose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word. Ostentatious meansA. humble. B. showy. C. clean. • My show-off aunt has some ostentatious jewelry, such as a gold bracelet that’s so heavy she can hardly lift her arm. • The lobby of that hotel is ostentatious , with fancy furniture, thick rugs, and tall flower arrangements. The guest rooms upstairs, however, are extremely plain. A show-off would wear jewelry that is showy. In the second item, the antonym clue extremely plain suggest that ostentatious means “showy.” An ostentatious wristwatch 7 ostentatious– adjective

ostentatious Syn.: pretentious, affected, showyAnt.: modest

TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word. Scrupulous meansA. ethical. B. economical. C. unjust. • The judge was scrupulous about never accepting a bribe or allowing a personal threat to influence her decisions.• The senator promised to run a scrupulous campaign, but her ads were filled with lies about her opponent’s personal life.8 scrupulous – adjective

TEN WORDS IN CONTEXTChoose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word. Scrupulous meansA. ethical. B. economical. C. unjust. • The judge was scrupulous about never accepting a bribe or allowing a personal threat to influence his decisions. • The senator promised to run a scrupulous campaign, but her ads were filled with lies about her opponent’s personal life.A judge who never accepts a bribe and isn’t influenced by personal threats must be an ethical judge. In the second item, the senator’s lies about her opponent indicate she did not run an ethical campaign. 8 scrupulous– adjective

scrupulous Syn.: conscientious, meticulous, carefulAnt.: unscrupulous, unethical

TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word. Sensory means A. of the senses. B. social. C. intellectual. • Because our sensory experiences are interrelated, what we taste is greatly influenced by what we smell.• A person in a flotation tank has almost no sensory stimulation. The tank is dark and soundproof, and the person floats in water at body temperature, unable to see or hear and scarcely able to feel anything. 9 sensory – adjective

TEN WORDS IN CONTEXTChoose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word. Sensory meansA. of the senses. B. social. C. intellectual. • Because our sensory experiences are interrelated, what we taste is greatly influenced by what we smell. • A person in a flotation tank has almost no sensory stimulation. The tank is dark and soundproof, and the person floats in water at body temperature, unable to see or hear and scarcely able to feel anything.The words taste and smell suggest that sensory means “of the senses.” In the second item, since the person is unable to see, hear, or feel anything, he or she has almost no stimulation of the senses. 9 sensory – adjective

TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word. Vicarious meansA. thorough. B. indirect. C. skillful. 10 vicarious • I don’t like to take risks myself, but I love the vicarious thrill of watching death-defying adventures in a movie.• If you can’t afford to travel, watching videos and visiting tourist websites can give you the vicarious experience of traveling in foreign countries. – adjective

TEN WORDS IN CONTEXTChoose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word. Vicarious meansA. thorough. B. indirect. C. skillful. • I don’t like to take risks myself, but I love the vicarious thrill of watching death-defying adventures in a movie. • If you can’t afford to travel, watching videos and visiting tourist websites can give you the vicarious experience of traveling in foreign countries.Watching death-defying adventures in a movie is an indirect way to experience a thrill. Watching videos and visiting tourist websites are indirect ways of traveling in foreign countries. 10 vicarious – adjective

vicarious Syn.: imaginedAnt.: directly experienced

SENTENCE CHECK 12. A weak voice is a serious _________ to a stage actor’s or actress’s career. 1. Any employee who wants to use _________ would simply ignore a piece of spinach on the boss’s front tooth.Complete each item with the correct word from the box. A. detriment B. dexterous C. discretion D. facetious E. gregarious F. optimum G. ostentatious H. scrupulous I. sensory J. vicarious

SENTENCE CHECK 12. A weak voice is a serious _________ to a stage actor’s or actress’s career. 1. Any employee who wants to use _________ would simply ignore a piece of spinach on the boss’s front tooth.Complete each item with the correct word from the box. A. detriment B. dexterous C. discretion D. facetious E. gregarious F. optimum G. ostentatious H. scrupulous I. sensory J. vicarious detriment discretionIgnoring spinach on the boss’s front tooth shows good judgment . Because a stage actor or actress with a weak voice could not be heard, a weak voice would clearly be a disadvantage to the person’s career.

4. My roommate used to be __________, but since he was mugged, he’s begun to avoid people. SENTENCE CHECK 15. Lonnie is so __________ about filling out his tax return that he even reported the $12.50 he was paid for jury duty.3. Playing with blocks and puzzles makes children more __________ with their hands. Complete each item with the correct word from the box. A. detriment B. dexterous C. discretion D. facetious E. gregarious F. optimum G. ostentatious H. scrupulous I. sensory J. vicarious

4. My roommate used to be __________, but since he was mugged, he’s begun to avoid people. SENTENCE CHECK 15. Lonnie is so __________ about filling out his tax return that he even reported the $12.50 he was paid for jury duty.3. Playing with blocks and puzzles makes children more __________ with their hands. Complete each item with the correct word from the box. A. detriment B. dexterous C. discretion D. facetious E. gregarious F. optimum G. ostentatious H. scrupulous I. sensory J. vicarious dexterous gregarious scrupulous Playing with blocks and puzzles would make children more skillful in using their hands . The words avoid people are an antonym clue for gregarious ( seeking the company of others ). Reporting the $12.50 on his tax return show Lonnie is conscientious .

SENTENCE CHECK 16. Jasmine wants to practice her vocabulary skills, so she’s not just being __________ when she uses long words. 7. Do you think a spectator sport gives the fans __________ triumphs and defeats, or real ones?Complete each item with the correct word from the box. A. detriment B. dexterous C. discretion D. facetious E. gregarious F. optimum G. ostentatious H. scrupulous I. sensory J. vicarious

SENTENCE CHECK 16. Jasmine wants to practice her vocabulary skills, so she’s not just being __________ when she uses long words. 7. Do you think a spectator sport gives the fans __________ triumphs and defeats, or real ones?Complete each item with the correct word from the box. A. detriment B. dexterous C. discretion D. facetious E. gregarious F. optimum G. ostentatious H. scrupulous I. sensory J. vicarious ostentatious vicariousSince Jasmine wants to practice her vocabulary, she is not just intending to impress others by using long words. The word real contrasts with triumphs and defeats that are not experienced directly .

9. Wandering through the bee-filled fields of red and yellow flowers was an amazing __________ experience, one that appealed to the eyes, ears, and nose. SENTENCE CHECK 18. The __________ order in which to answer test questions is from easiest to most difficult, so that you can write the answers you know before time runs out.Complete each item with the correct word from the box. A. detriment B. dexterous C. discretion D. facetious E. gregarious F. optimum G. ostentatious H. scrupulous I. sensory J. vicarious 10. The performer Oscar Levant had a tendency to cause disasters. He once made the ___________ comment, “In my hands, Jell-O is a deadly weapon.”

9. Wandering through the bee-filled fields of red and yellow flowers was an amazing __________ experience, one that appealed to the eyes, ears, and nose. 10. The performer Oscar Levant had a tendency to cause disasters. He once made the ___________ comment, “In my hands, Jell-O is a deadly weapon.”SENTENCE CHECK 1 8. The __________ order in which to answer test questions is from easiest to most difficult, so that you can write the answers you know before time runs out. Complete each item with the correct word from the box. A. detriment B. dexterous C. discretion D. facetious E. gregarious F. optimum G. ostentatious H. scrupulous I. sensory J. vicarious optimum sensory facetious Starting with the easiest questions is the best possible way to answer. Something appealing to eyes, ears, and nose has to do with the senses . The sentence gives an example of a humorous statement.