latin or greek names for organisms which can be hard to rememberunderstand Wouldnt it be easier simply to refer to their common name Finding order in diversity Section 181 How are scientific names assigned ID: 728189
Download Presentation The PPT/PDF document "Bellwork : Why do scientists use" is the property of its rightful owner. Permission is granted to download and print the materials on this web site for personal, non-commercial use only, and to display it on your personal computer provided you do not modify the materials and that you retain all copyright notices contained in the materials. By downloading content from our website, you accept the terms of this agreement.
Slide1
Bellwork
:
Why do scientists use
latin
or
greek
names for organisms (which can be hard to remember/understand). Wouldn’t it be easier simply to refer to their common name? Slide2
Finding order in diversity
Section 18.1Slide3
How are scientific names assigned?
Common names often vary between languages or countries
Cougar, puma, panther and mountain lion
In UK a buzzard is a hawk, whereas here it is a vulture
In the 18th Century, European scientists recognized this confusion, and assigned Latin or Greek names to each species to help clear this upNames were often very log due to the amount of detailHard to standardize, as scientists focused on different thingsSlide4
What is a Dichotomous key?
A Dichotomous key is used to identify organisms through a series of paired statement or questions that describe alternative possible characteristics Slide5
Binomial Nomenclature
With binomial nomenclature each species is assigned a two part scientific name
Always written in italics
Polar Bear is
Ursus maritimus Ursus - genus organism belongs to (bear)Maritimus – unique to each species Grizzly bear
– Ursus arctosSystem created by Carolus
Linnaeus in 1730sSlide6
Classifying species in larger groups
Both living and fossil organisms are classified into larger groups
These groups must have biological significance
Organisms in one group are more similar to each other than to organisms in other groups
This science is called systematics Goal – to organize living things into groups that have biological meaningGroups are refereed to as taxaSlide7
The Linnaean Classification system
Carolus
Linnean
also created a classification system that organized species into taxa that formed a hierarchy Over time his hierarchy expanded to include seven hierarchical taxa Kingdom – All multicellular animals are placed in the kingdom Animalia Phylum – Shared body plan features Class – Similar orders grouped into a class. Example - mammalsOrder – Closely related families. Example - Camel, llama, deer and cattle – linkage (hoofed animals, even number of toes)Family – Several genera that share many similarities (camel, Llama)
Genus - CamelsSpecies – one hump vs two humpsKing Phillip Came Over For Good Soup! Slide8
Classification systemSlide9
Problems with traditional classification
Members of a species determine which organisms belong to a species through who they mate with and produce fertile offspring
How is this different from how Linnaean assigned individuals to a species?
What do we know that Linnaean did not?
Linnaean had no idea about genetics and evolution, but was a hood scientists, and chose his characteristics carefully Many of his groups are still valid under modern classification schemesModern day systems assign species on the basis of how closlely related organisms are