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Bellwork :  Why do scientists use Bellwork :  Why do scientists use

Bellwork : Why do scientists use - PowerPoint Presentation

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Bellwork : Why do scientists use - PPT Presentation

latin or greek names for organisms which can be hard to rememberunderstand Wouldnt it be easier simply to refer to their common name Finding order in diversity Section 181 How are scientific names assigned ID: 728189

organisms species classification groups species organisms groups classification assigned linnaean names scientists taxa ursus bear system dichotomous camel nomenclature class characteristics related

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Presentation Transcript

Slide1

Bellwork

:

Why do scientists use

latin

or

greek

names for organisms (which can be hard to remember/understand). Wouldn’t it be easier simply to refer to their common name? Slide2

Finding order in diversity

Section 18.1Slide3

How are scientific names assigned?

Common names often vary between languages or countries

Cougar, puma, panther and mountain lion

In UK a buzzard is a hawk, whereas here it is a vulture

In the 18th Century, European scientists recognized this confusion, and assigned Latin or Greek names to each species to help clear this upNames were often very log due to the amount of detailHard to standardize, as scientists focused on different thingsSlide4

What is a Dichotomous key?

A Dichotomous key is used to identify organisms through a series of paired statement or questions that describe alternative possible characteristics Slide5

Binomial Nomenclature

With binomial nomenclature each species is assigned a two part scientific name

Always written in italics

Polar Bear is

Ursus maritimus Ursus - genus organism belongs to (bear)Maritimus – unique to each species Grizzly bear

– Ursus arctosSystem created by Carolus

Linnaeus in 1730sSlide6

Classifying species in larger groups

Both living and fossil organisms are classified into larger groups

These groups must have biological significance

Organisms in one group are more similar to each other than to organisms in other groups

This science is called systematics Goal – to organize living things into groups that have biological meaningGroups are refereed to as taxaSlide7

The Linnaean Classification system

Carolus

Linnean

also created a classification system that organized species into taxa that formed a hierarchy Over time his hierarchy expanded to include seven hierarchical taxa Kingdom – All multicellular animals are placed in the kingdom Animalia Phylum – Shared body plan features Class – Similar orders grouped into a class. Example - mammalsOrder – Closely related families. Example - Camel, llama, deer and cattle – linkage (hoofed animals, even number of toes)Family – Several genera that share many similarities (camel, Llama)

Genus - CamelsSpecies – one hump vs two humpsKing Phillip Came Over For Good Soup! Slide8

Classification systemSlide9

Problems with traditional classification

Members of a species determine which organisms belong to a species through who they mate with and produce fertile offspring

How is this different from how Linnaean assigned individuals to a species?

What do we know that Linnaean did not?

Linnaean had no idea about genetics and evolution, but was a hood scientists, and chose his characteristics carefully Many of his groups are still valid under modern classification schemesModern day systems assign species on the basis of how closlely related organisms are