themself and slugs Corpus Methods in Many Places Adam Kilgarriff Lexical Computing Ltd Corpus a collection of texts How people talk about X Indirect evidence of How people think about X ID: 626285
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Slide1
Botox, themself and slugsCorpus Methods in Many Places
Adam Kilgarriff
Lexical Computing LtdSlide2
Corpus: a collection of textsHow people talk about XIndirect evidence of
How people think about XSlide3
Case study 1: botoxTrade mark infringementAllergan Inc own the mark
botox
Competitor Klein Becker used it in advertising
Allergan
sued
Klein Becker counter-case
Botox
is a generic word so cannot be a markSlide4
Well-known past casesIn English-speaking worldhoover
kleenex
a
spirin
b
iro
Fracophonie
:
bicSlide5
Linguistic questionWhen is a word generic and when is it name-likeLinguistic ‘expert witness’Slide6Slide7
Lots of evidenceThis corpus: 876 hitsUKWAC: web-crawled, 1.5 b words, 2006
Formal
Informal
News
Blogs
Jokes
Advertising Slide8
Linguistic featuresPrototypical for brandsPre-modifierAdidas trainers
Limited integration into linguistic systemSlide9Slide10Slide11
CapitalisationSlide12Slide13
CapitalisationNative speakers think of is as a namethey capitalise
else not unless
b
eginning of sentence
heading
Professional writers
Capitalise if it is a trademark
or risk being suedSlide14
CapitalisationBut what is the norm?all nouns in UKWaC (freq>50)h
ow often capitalised?Slide15
Adam Kilgarriff15
English nouns: % capitalizedSlide16
CapitalisationU-shaped distributionMost typesNames
At or near to 100% capitalised
Most tokens
Common nouns
Under 50%
50-95%
not many itemsSlide17
Word
Frequency
% caps
Trademark words
Colgate
569
98.1
Vauxhall
6753
98.2
Asda
6188
97.2
Budweiser
707
98.3
Boeing
5995
99.4
Levis
4494
98.2
Sanyo
878
97.8
Ikea
1358
95.7
Nivea
49792.4Odeon284997.5ContendedSabatier3794.6Botox87674.5Generic wordsRibbon1232915.3Debacle23102.9Itch212813.9Macaque87016.7Peephole24222.3Reunion1050231.7Schoolboy423812.6Fossil2098112.2Housewife379948.2Ferry4878639.0Slide18
Case study 1: botoxTrade mark infringementAllergan Inc own the mark
botox
Competitor Klein Becker used it in advertising
Allergan
sued
Klein Becker counter-case
Botox
is a generic word so cannot be a markSlide19
Case study 2: Bible TranslationThemselfBNC 26 0.2
Ukwac
: 389, 0.1/m
08: 1191 0.4/m
12: 11,164 0.9/mSlide20
Case study 3: SpeciesWhich species deserve preservingRhino vs. roachSlide21
cat + dog 0.76feed,own,love,want,give,allow,adopt,keep,leave,bring,seetrain,have,get,find,help
horse
+
dog,cat
0.600
feed,own,love,help,give,breed,keep,leave,bring,see,train
,
allow,put,get,name
donkey
+ pony
0.538
saddle,pet,ride,groom,hitch,domesticate,tether
lion
+ wolf
0.526
shoot,feed,hunt,resemble,breed,spot,tame,kill,encounter
chase
roach
+ snail 0.500
repel,squash
crocodile
+ alligator
0.500
wrestle,stuff,spot,embroider,tame
goose + pigeon 0.471feed,breed,pluck,deter,stuff,slaughter,roast,chaseSlide22