Chapter 172 Capacitance By Diego Hernandez Diego Ayala and Dilpreet Kahlon Formula Chart Formula Name Equation Explanation Capacitance C Capacitance is equal to the charge on each plate divided by the potential difference ID: 530185
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Slide1
Capacitance
Chapter 17-2 Capacitance
By: Diego Hernandez, Diego Ayala, and
Dilpreet
Kahlon
. Slide2
Formula Chart
Formula Name
Equation
Explanation
Capacitance
C=
Capacitance is equal to the charge on each plate divided by the potential difference.Capacitance for a Parallel-Plate Capacitor in a VacuumC= Capacitance is equal to the permittivity of a vacuum multiplied to the quotient of the area of one of the plates and the distance between the plates.Electrical Potential Energy Stored in a CapacitorPEelectric = (½)(Q)(∆V) Electrical Potential Energy is equal to half of the product of the charge on one plate and the final potential difference.
Formula Name
Equation
Explanation
Capacitance
Capacitance is equal
to the charge on each plate divided by the potential difference.
Capacitance for a Parallel-Plate Capacitor in a Vacuum
Capacitance is equal to
the permittivity of a vacuum multiplied to the quotient of the area of one of the plates and the distance between the plates.
Electrical
Potential Energy Stored in a Capacitor
PE
electric
= (½)(Q)(∆V)
Electrical Potential Energy
is equal to half of the product of the charge on one plate and the final potential difference.Slide3
Chart
Measurement
NameDefinition
UnitsSI Unit
Capacitance
C
The ability of a conductor to store energy in the form of electrically separated charges
F
F
Electric
Potential
V
How energetic charges are
V
VSlide4
Capacitance explained
Capacitance
is the ability of any body to store an electrical charge. Any material that can be made to hold a charge experiences capacitance. Charges may be placed on these materials by static electricity or by an electric current.
“Capacitor” is another name for these kinds of objects that are charged by electrical currents. As charge is added to a capacitor, the potential energy inside of the capacitor increases. Capacitors tend to look like this:
(Circuit board symbol)Slide5
Capacitance cont.
Capacitance is measure in
Farads (F), though normally you will find that the capacitance is in microfarads (µF) because of the small sizes of capacitors on a circuit board.
The capacitance of a capacitor depends on two things, its charge (Q), and change in potential difference (V). Normally, a large charge will produce a smaller potential difference, and thus, a larger capacitance. Reversely, a small charge produces a bigger potential difference, and a smaller capacitance.Slide6
Electric Potential and Permittivity
Electric Potential
is the amount of work it takes to move a charge from one of the capacitor’s parallel plates, to the other. Once a charge moves to another plate, a small potential difference is created between the two plates. As the next charges flow through this potential difference, the electrical potential energy of the entire system increases.
Capacitance always depends on the size and shape of its capacitor. For a capacitor with nothing between its plates, we use the
C=
formula to calculate its capacitance. In this equation “
is what is known as a permittivity constant. When followed by a sub 0, the permittivity constant refers to that of a vacuum, which is valued at 8.85x10-12 C2/Nm2. The other two factors in the equation are the area of one plate, and the distance between both.
Slide7
A 4.00 µF capacitor to a 12.0 V battery. What is the charge on each plate of the capacitor
Practice 17B #1,a
=
4.80x10
-5
C
C =
∆V =
4.00µF
1
2
3
4
5
6
12.0 V
Q =
(C x ∆V)
Q = (4.00x10
-6
F)(12.0V)Slide8
If the same capacitor is connected to a 1.50V battery, how much electrical potential energy is stored? (refer to previous example)
Practice 17B #1,b
=
4.5x10
-6
J
C =
∆V =
4.00µF
1
2
3
4
5
6
1.5 V
PE
electric
=
(½)(C)(∆V)
2
PE
electric
= (½)(4.00x10
-6
F)(1.5V)
2Slide9
Quiz
What is capacitance?
Capacitance
is the ability of any body to store an electrical charge.
2. What
is the value of the permittivity constant?8.85x10-12 C2/Nm23. What is electric potential?Electric Potential is the amount of work it takes to move a charge from one of the capacitor’s parallel plates, to the other