Chapter 8 The Progressive Era - PowerPoint Presentation

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Chapter 8The Progressive Era1890-1920Slide2

Section 1: The Drive for ReformSlide3

Terms and PeopleProgressivism – movement that responded to the pressures of industrialization and urbanization by promoting reforms

Muckraker – writer who uncovers and exposes misconduct in politics or business

Lincoln Steffens – editor of

McClure’s magazine

known for uncovering social problems

Jacob Riis – photographer for the

New York Evening Sun

, expose on “How the other Half Lives”Slide4
Slide5

Terms and PeopleSocial Gospel – Walter Rauschenbusch taught Christianity should be the basis of social reform

Settlement house – a community center that provided social services to the urban poor

Jane Addams – leading figure in the settlement house movement

Direct primary – election in which citizens themselves vote to select nominees for upcoming electionsSlide6

Terms and PeopleInitiative – gave people the power to put a proposed new law on the ballotReferendum – allowed citizens to approve or reject laws passed by the legislature

Recall – gave voters the power to remove public servants from officeSlide7

Origins of ProgressivismWho? All classes and walks of life that wanted to act for the good of society

Common Beliefs: industrialization and urbanization created troubling social and political problems.

What is the difference between the Progressives and the Populists?

Target Problems: political reform (corrupt and ineffective), big business, reduce economic gapSlide8

Muckrakers Reveal the Need for Reform(a tool to clean manure and hay out of animals’ stables) coined by Theodore Roosevelt

Muckrakers using their journalistic skills exposed many of the social evils in late 19

th

century early 20

th

century societySlide9

Muckrakers Cont.Novelists Defend the Downtrodden and put a face on social problems. Slide10

Progressives Reform SocietyThe Social Gospel Guides reform efforts urged the end of child labor, shorter work week, and limit the power of corporations and trusts

Improve the lives of the urban poor

Protecting Children and Improving

Education

Improve industrial working

Conditions (Triangle Shirtwaist Factory)Slide11

Reforming GovernmentReformers Improve City Government, however only after tragedies such as the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory, and Galveston Texas hurricane

Progressives Reform Election Rules, to give the power back to the people, not corrupt politicians, and business leaders

Progressive Governors Take Charge, and begin to reform their own states. Limit Railroads, use of natural resources, and hiring state workersSlide12

Section 2: Women Make ProgressSlide13

Terms and PeopleFlorence Kelly – believed women were hurt by unfair prices they paid for goods to run their home

National Consumers League (NCL) – gave labels to “goods produced under fair, safe, and healthy working conditions” Today’s Fair Trade?

Temperance Movement – the practice of never

drinking alcoholSlide14

Terms and PeopleMargaret Sanger – thought family life and women’s health would improve if mothers had fewer children

Ida B. Wells – formed the National Association of Colored Women (NACW) helped families strive for success and help less fortunate

Carrie Chapman Catt – reenergized the

national suffrage movement and first

female school superintendentSlide15

Terms and PeopleNational American Woman Suffrage Association – fought for women's right to vote

Alice Paul – social activists raised in a Quaker home earned a PH.D and formed the first group of women to march with Picket signs

Nineteenth Amendment – the right

to vote shall not be denied or

abridged on account of sex

Make a Suffrage Poster!!!Slide16

Progressive Women Expand ReformsWorking Women Face Hardships; difficult jobs, long hours, and dangerous conditions. Expected to give wages to husbands, fathers or brothers.

Reformers Champion Working Women's Rights laws were passed and upheld to limit the number of hours women could work which later backfired to wages

Women Work for Changes in Family Life; alcohol was a main focus (men drinking liquor neglect their families, spent their earnings, and abuse their wives)Slide17

Women Fight for the Right to VoteSuffrage – the right to voteWomen's suffrage started state by state and led to many leading women in history (Catt, Paul, Kelley)Slide18

Section 3: The Struggle Against DiscriminationSlide19

Terms and peopleAmericanization – belief that assimilating immigrants into American society will make them more loyal citizens

Niagara Movement – denounced the idea of gradual progress for black Americans

NAACP – National Association for the Advancement of Colored People / free blacks from low-pay, free of ignorance, politically free, socially free (pg. 231)Slide20

Terms and PeopleAnti-Defamation League – to defend Jews and others against physical and verbal attacks, false statements

Mutualistas

– groups that made loans and provided legal assistance to Mexican-AmericansSlide21

Examine the Chart on page 242, Progressive Era legislation and constitutional amendments. What similarities and differences do you see?

Opening Work !!!Slide22

Section 5: Wilson’s New FreedomSlide23

Wilson and the Democrats PrevailWoodrow Wilson – Democrat candidate launched a program called New Freedom, first southern born president in more than 60 years

New Freedom

– placed strict government controls on corporationsSlide24

Wilson Regulates the EconomyWilson attacked the “triple wall of privilege,” tariffs, banks, and trustsSixteenth Amendment

– gave congress the power to levy an income tax

Federal Reserve Act (1913)

– placed national

banks under the control of the Federal

Reserve Board, ensured no person, bank,

or region from having to much money

(interest rates)Slide25

Wilson Strengthens antitrust RegulationFederal Trade Commission – monitor business practices that might lead to monopolies

Clayton Antitrust Act

– strengthened earlier antitrust laws by spelling out activities businesses could not engage

Today the FTC looks at stock trades, examines published ads, and regulates buying on the InternetSlide26

Workers’ rights protectedLabor unions could not be acted as trusts under the Clayton Antitrust Act

Adamson Act prevented nationwide railroad strike and limited railroad employees’ work to eight hour day Why?

Ludlow Massacre:Slide27

Progressivism Leaves a Lasting LegacyVoters have a greater influence; initiative, referendum, recall, and the Nineteenth Amendment

Federal government grew to offer more protection to Americans’ and gained more control over peoples’ lives

Antitrust laws and Federal Reserve Board watch over the economy

Federal government also had greater control over natural resources, i.e. dams, National Parks, resources