Lecture 1 General introduction about culture Familiar Familiar Huntington Clash of civilizations Culture What is culture How can you measure or describe ID: 215011
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Slide1
Dutch Culture & Language
Lecture 1: General introduction about cultureSlide2
Familiar?Slide3
Familiar?
Huntington: Clash of civilizationsSlide4
Culture
What is “culture”?How can you
measure
or describe culture
and cultural differences?Slide5
Culture
Definition of culture:Culture is the characteristics of a particular group of people, defined by everything from language, religion, cuisine, social habits, music and arts. Today, in the United States as in other countries populated largely by immigrants, the culture is influenced by the many groups of people that now make up the country.Slide6
Culture
Comparing cultures… is there a way to
describe
and measure
differences?Could this be a helpful tool in
working
in
international
business to smoothen
international relations? Or is it merely a hobby of certain individuals?Slide7
Culture
Some attempts to
describe
cultural
differences:Edward Hall, The silent languageFons Trompenaars, model of
national
cultural
differencesGeert Hofstede,
cultural dimensions theorySlide8
Edward T. Hall
Most important difference between
cultures:
-
Proximics
High Context and Low Context culturesPolychronic versus monochronic timeSlide9
ProximicsSlide10
High context vs. Low context
Low context:Explicit messages
Little attention
for
the status of the person,
task orientedHigh context:Not just the message is important
Relation
orientedSlide11Slide12
Polychronic vs.
MonochronicSlide13
Trompenaars & Hampden
Turner7 Dimensions
/dilemma’s of
intercultural
communication:
Universalism vs. particularism Individualism vs. collectivism (communitarianism)Neutral vs. emotionalSpecific vs. diffuse
Achievement
vs.
ascription
Sequential vs. synchronicInternal vs. external
controlSlide14
Universalism vs.
ParticularismSlide15
Individualism vs.
CollectivismSlide16
Neutral vs. EmotionalSlide17
Specific vs. DiffuseSlide18
Achievement vs.
AscriptionSlide19
Sequential vs.
SynchronicSlide20
Internal vs.
External controlSlide21
Geert Hofstede
Developed a theory
to
measure cultural
differences.Problem: How to quantify culture?Slide22
Geert Hofstede
Defining culture in 5 dimensions,
based
on research at IBM:
Power Distance index
IndividualismUncertainty avoidance indexMasculinityLong term orientationSlide23
Power distance
Power distance is the extent to which the less powerful members of organizations and institutions (like the family) accept and expect that power is distributed unequally. Does
not reflect an objective difference in power distribution, but rather the way people perceive power differences.Slide24
Power distance
indexSlide25
Individualism
The degree to which individuals are integrated into groups.Slide26
Uncertainty
avoidance indexA society's tolerance for uncertainty and ambiguity. Reflects
the extent to which members of a society attempt to cope with anxiety by minimizing
uncertainty.
People in cultures with high uncertainty avoidance tend to be more emotional
. More attention for planning step by step and procedures Slide27
Uncertainty
avoidance index
High uncertainty avoidanceSlide28
Low
uncertainty avoidanceUncertainty avoidance
indexSlide29
Masculinity
The distribution of emotional roles between the genders. Masculine cultures' values are competitiveness, assertiveness, materialism, ambition and power, whereas feminine cultures place more value on relationships and quality of
life.Slide30
MasculinitySlide31
Long term orientationSlide32
Dutch
culture
The Dutch culture
belongs
to
the
Nordic
culture
group
. The culture
that
is the most
similar
is
probably
Danish
culture.
Hofstede scores:
Low
power
distance
,
very
low
masculinity
, high
individualism
, medium
long term
orientation
and
medium
uncertainty
avoidance
. Slide33
Factor analysis of the five
dimensions
of Hofstede
for
both
Netherlands
and
GermanySlide34
Assignment
:
Find
out Hofstede scores
for
your own country and compare
these
with
The Netherlands.
Describe in an essay of maximum 400
words the differences and similarities with the Dutch culture, and
indicate
which
differences
you
may
expect
when
dealing
with
Dutch companies.