Unit 3-Culture and Language - PowerPoint Presentation

Slide1

Unit 3-Culture and Language

Chapters 4, 5

© Robin FosterSlide2

Culture BAV

Acculturation

Assimilation

Cultural convergenceCultural hearthCultural landscape Cultural regionCultural trait CustomDiffusionFolk cultureHabitMaterial culturePopular culturetaboo

Term DefEx/Pic/ SentSymbolSlide3

Chapter 4

CultureSlide4

Write the question and answer choices in your notebook. Slide5

Think about your culture.

Think about what where your family is from.

Think about the language you speak.

Think about the way you look: hair color, eye color, facial features/shape, etc.

Think about your mannerisms. Think about the clothes you wear. Think about the religion you practice. Think about the traditions you have. Think about the holidays you celebrate. Briefly describe your culture.

Warm-Up:

WHAT IS CULTURE?Slide6

Culture is the complex mix of values, beliefs, behaviors, and material objects that form a peoples’ way of life.Cultural landscape-the modification of the natural landscape by human activities.

Cultural Ecology is the field that studies the relationship between the natural environment and culture.

What is culture?Slide7

How a person adapts to a new culture. We all use adaptive strategies.Ms. Foster moved from the North to the South.

What makes her crazy about living in the South?

There are some very distinct differences.

Adaptive cultureSlide8

A wide range of concrete human creations, sometimes called artifacts that reflect values, beliefs and behaviors.

Material CultureSlide9

Consists of abstract concepts of:Values

-culturally defined standards that guide the way people assess desirability, goodness, beauty and serve as guidelines for moral living.

Beliefs

-statements people hold to be true, and they are almost based on values.Behaviors or actions that people take based on beliefs, values and norms (rules and expectations by which a society guides the behavior of members.)Non-material culture (cultural geography) Slide10

A habit is a repetitive act that a particular individual performs. Example: jeans on Friday, getting dressed.

A custom is a repetitive act of a group performed to the extent that it becomes a characteristic of the group.

Example: 4

th of July fireworksCustoms and habits are differentSlide11

An area marked by culture that distinguishes itself from other regions

Culture RegionSlide12

A single attribute of a culture

Culture TraitSlide13

Areas where civilization first began.MesopotamiaIndus Valley

Nile Valley

Cultural HearthSlide14

Geographers consider the areas stretching above and below the Sahara Desert as part of the African continent. Some geographers feel the cultures of North Africa are more closely associated with those of the Middle East than with the Sub-Saharan Africa. This shows that-

a. Cultural

characteristics can be used to define regions.

b. Africa was subjected to European imperialism. c. Most Africans would like to emigrate to the Middle East. d. North Africa’s physical features prevented contact with the Middle East.

Sample Test Question over today’s materialSlide15

Diffusion-the movement of goods, people or ideas.Cultural diffusion has spread culture traits to most parts of the world.

Cultural diffusionSlide16

Trace your hand on a blank piece of white paper.

Follow the fingers around to create your “I AM” hand poem. Examples will be provided in class

.

I am (heritage/ethnicity, etc.).

I have (2 cultural traits – clothing, hair/eye color, etc.)I hear (cultural songs, traditional poems, etc.)I believe (religion/religious ideas, etc.)

I am (heritage/ethnicity repeated)

I can/have (cultural achievement, expression etc.)

I celebrate

(custom, holiday, religious celebrations, etc.)

I

perform/I play

(fine arts or dance of culture)

I am

(heritage/ethnicity repeated

)

Decorate with jewelry that represents your culture

(rings, bracelets), symbols of your culture, and color it!

I am Poem DirectionsSlide17

An innovation or idea develops in a source area and remains strong there while spreading outward.

Expansion DiffusionSlide18

Contagious Diffusion: nearly all adjacent individuals are affected (like dropping a rock in water).Time –distance decay-

trait

weakens as distance increases.Types of expansion diffusionSlide19

Ideas and artifacts spread first between larger places or prominent people and only later to smaller less prominent people.

Hierarchical DiffusionSlide20

Relocation Diffusion: the actual movement of individuals  who have already adopted an idea or innovation and carry it to a new, perhaps distant locale, where they proceed  to disseminate it.

Migrant diffusion

: when an innovation originates somewhere and enjoys strong but brief adoption there Italian immigrants to New York City taught Irish-Americans how to make pizza (pizza, of course, originated in Italy).Relocation DiffusionSlide21

A less dominant culture adopts the traits of more influential ones.Americans adopting

Indian Culture

AcculturationSlide22

The dominant culture completely absorbs the less dominant one.Portrait of Native Americans from the Cherokee, Cheyenne, Choctaw, Comanche, Iroquois, and Muscogee tribes in American attire. Photos dates from 1868 to 1924.

AssimilationSlide23

Culture can be categorized according to spatial distribution into two basic types:

Folk Culture

Popular Culture

CultureSlide24

Folk Culture is traditionally practiced by small, homogenous groups living in isolated rural areas.

Folk CultureSlide25

Small Incorporates homogeneous population Typically rural

Cohesive in cultural

traits

Work to preserve those traits in order to claim uniqueness Folk CultureSlide26

Folklore-stories passed on from generation to generation.Jack tales-stories that involve the character Jack.

Folk culture is in a relatively small area.

Folk CultureSlide27

Popular Culture is found in large heterogeneous societies that are bonded by a common culture despite the many differences among the people who share it.

Popular CultureSlide28

1960’s jeans were associated with low status laborers and farmers.Levi’s are a status symbol in may parts of the world.

JeansSlide29

Popular CultureSlide30

Popular culture flourishes in countries here people have sufficient income to acquire the tangible elements of popular culture.Pop culture is ever changing

Popular

CulutreSlide31

Large Incorporates heterogeneous populations Typically urban

Experiences quickly changing cultural

traits

Practiced by people across identities and across the world Also encompasses material and nonmaterial culture Practiced in wider area, popular culture usually spreads through contagious diffusion.Popular CultureSlide32

1.

Smiling is my favorite.

2. Run Forest! Run!

3. Cut it Out!4. How Ruuuuude!5. I can show you the world. 6. I’m gonna kill him! I’m gonna finish him like cheesecake.

7. Nobody puts Baby in the corner. 8. Frankly my dear, I don’t give a damn.9. Taste the rainbow. 10. To Infinity and beyond.11. Stupid is as stupid does. 12. Save money. Live better. 13.Did I do that? 14. What you talkin

’ ‘bout, Willis?15. I like that boulder, that is a nice boulder. 16. If you can dodge a wrench, you can dodge a ball.17. I feel the need. . . The need for speed.

18. May the force be with you.19. Hakuna Matata

.

20. Just keep swimming.

21. Who

ya

gonna

call?

22. You

raaaaang

?

23. That’s the way the cookie crumbles.

24. You’re killing me smalls.

With a partner, try and guess these 1-liners that are well known in pop culture. The partnership who gets the most will win 10 bonus points. You have 10 minutes– NO DEVICES ALLOWED!!!!Slide33

Let’s look at several segments of culture:Music

Food

Sports

ArchitectureCulture Slide34

Hip Hop Map

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PWgvGjAhvIwSlide35

Culture can be analyzed through music.Elvis Who?

MusicSlide36

Listening habits of a particular group of people is to analyze the radio stations they listen to.What radio station do you listen to?

What’s your ringtone?

Music Slide37

CountryBluegrass

Blues

Tejano

CajunPolkaMotownDancedance2

MusicSlide38

You must sit quietly! And wait for further directions. If you’re talking, you will get 20 points deducted from your grade

Get a partner, get a piece of paper and sit quietly. Slide39

Food is a terrific way to understand culture because certain areas have dishes that are distinct to their cuisine

FoodSlide40

American fast food has invaded the world.( as a product of diffusion)

FoodSlide41

Chowder

NE-is a white chowder

NY- is tomato based

BBQ—some sauces are mustard, ketchup, tomato or vinegar based. Dry BBQ-sauce cooked in Wet BBQ-sauce added after meat is cooked.Meat-port or beef?

Think USASlide42

Food Attractions:

Some things are eaten because they enhance some characteristic the

culture

deems important Reasons for Food Taboo:Some things embody negativityProtect the environmentReligion and social valuesNutritutional values

Food Attractions and Taboo Slide43

Food Taboos

Country/

Location/Group

Taboo

USASwan, dog, cat, elephant, rats, miceHinduismcow

JudaismShellfish, elephant,

porkSomali Clans (Somalia)

fish

Quebec

Horse

Muslims

pork

England/Ireland

Snail Slide44

Denmark-sandwiches called

smorrbrod

, eaten open face with a knife and fork.

Food around the worldSlide45

Rotted Shark-Once the shark is “ripe” enough it is eaten.

Yummy?

I

celandSlide46

Guinea pigs called

cuy

are a delicacy. Served for special occasions such as anniversaries and birthdays.

Andes of South AmericaSlide47

Blowfish or Fugu

is a delicacy in Japan. Costing as much as $200/plate.

You can die, if prepared incorrectly.

UK--Fish and chips

More Food AttractionsSlide48

Clay

Paint chips

Cornstarch

Coffee groundsCigarette ashesGlueHairFeces

PapersandPica- craving what is unfit for human consumptionSlide49

The habit of eating clay, mud or dirt.

Many say there are health benefits and that dirt from different areas tastes different.

GeophagySlide50

People travel to this site in New Mexico.

They believe the ground is sacred and travel here to eat dirt.

El

Santuario de ChimayoSlide51

Sports are associated with culture.The spread of baseball and basketball around the world from the USA is a form of hierarchical diffusion.

SportsSlide52

Soccer is the #1 sport in the world.

SportsSlide53

FootballSoccerBaseballBasketball

Lacrosse

Cricket

TennisGolfWhat sports fan are you?SportsSlide54

The architecture of residential, commercial and spiritual structures vary greatly throughout the world.

ArchitectureSlide55

Housing styles vary according to climate and available building materials.Brick/wood

Flat/peaked roof

Basement?

One story/multi-storySingle/multi familyHousingSlide56

Mongolian YurtsSlide57

Onion DomesSlide58

TV is the most popular leisure activity in MDC’s throughout the world.TV is the most important mechanism by which popular culture such as sports is rapidly diffused throughout the earth.

TV and popular cultureSlide59

Diffusion of internet follows a pattern of television diffusion.The internet connects the world, making cultural diffusion happen at a rapid pace.

Without the internet, what would you do?

The internet Slide60

People who see themselves as a part of a community that works to preserve their traits and customs.

Local CultureSlide61

Language

Chapter 5Slide62

Language is a system of communication through speech.Oldest cultural trait on earth.Language not only allows for communication, but continuity of culture

In most cases language is spoken and written.

LanguageSlide63

Official language-language used by government for laws, reports, and public documents.

A country can have more than 1 official language.

Standard language

-a particular variety of a language that has been given either legal or quasi-legal status.LanguageSlide64

Languages of the worldSlide65

Top 10 Most Commonly Spoken Languages1. Chinese-14.9%(Mandarin, Wu)

2. Spanish-5.05%

3. English-4.84%

4. Hindi5. Arabic6. Portuguese7. Bengali8. Russian9. Japanese10. Standard GermanLanguages of the worldSlide66

English Speaking CountriesSlide67

Spoken by more than ½ a billion people.The British were responsible for the diffusion of English.

Migration of British to other parts of the world diffused English.

EnglishSlide68

You may not be able to understand the regional dialects.

Dialects

Dialects Slide69

Differences between American and British English

American English

British English

Line Motor homeMailFriesParking lot Sweater

Highway ApartmentCookie QueueCaravanPostChipsCar parkJumperMotorwayFlatBiscuitSlide70

A collection of languages within a branch that share a common origin in the relatively recent past.

Displaying a relatively few differences in grammar and vocabulary.

Language groupSlide71

Evolved from Latin.Spain, Portugal, France and Italy- are the countries of the original Romance Languages. Romanian is the 5

th

Romance Language

Latin and Hebrew have literary traditions.Dialects exist within the Romance Languages-Castilian.Romance LanguagesSlide72

Romance LanguagesSlide73

Sino-Tibetan-Mandarin ChineseAfro-Asiatic-ArabicAustronesian

-SE Asia

Dravidian-India

AltaicAsiaNiger-Congo-AfricaJapaneseOther language familiesSlide74

Represent concepts rather than sounds

240 characters build are built into complex words.

Chinese ideogramsSlide75

Thousands of extinct languages-once in use but no longer spoken or read in daily activities anywhere.Examples include:

Gothic-E/N Europe

Welsch

-WalesQuechua-PeruHebrewPreserving Local LanguagesSlide76

Multi Lingual States

Speak more two or more languages in a countrySlide77

4 languages in the country.German, French, Italian and Romansh

SwitzerlandSlide78

English for the majority of the country.Quebec is the French speaking province.

Canada-a bilingual countrySlide79

Need for common language for communication.Lingua Franca

-language of international communication is English.

Mix elements of two languages into a common language.

Global Domination of EnglishSlide80

Ebonics-a combination of Ebony and phonics. Example: She be at homeEbonics is controversial.

Appalachian dialects-

Quick, call an am-

bew-lance.Many are considered a sign of poor education by outsiders.Expansion diffusion of EnglishSlide81

Franglais-a combination of French and English.Le Jogging

Spanglish

-Spanish and English

.The word carpeta is "folder" in standard Spanish. In some Spanglishes it means "carpet" (room rug). Denglish-German and English

Ich musste den Computer neu booten / rebooten, weil die Software gecrasht ist.I had to reboot the computer because the software

crashed.

Diffusion into other languagesSlide82

The study of place names.Cultural identity and history can be revealed by noticing names of geographic and political features.

New York

Rio Grande-”Big River” in Spanish

Rocky MountainsToponymySlide83

Language can be a barrier for many international travelers.Language barriers for immigrants.

Language dialects as a part of regional culture.

Literacy-the ability to read and write in your

native language.Language Barriers